多线程(三)、线程同步问题

一只鸟儿

于 2022-11-24 14:32:11 发布

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分类专栏：多线程文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_61026557/article/details/128017557

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上次分享了线程的常用方法，这次分享线程中的同步问题(即多个线程操作一个资源)

二、线程不安全案例

1.不安全的买票

/**
 * @author gc
 * @date 2022/11/22 11:26
 * note : 模拟抢火车票 出现线程不安全问题
 *        synchronized 关键字 锁的是 this
 */
public class UnSafeBuyTicket {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(buyTicket,"韩宁").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"王科学").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket,"桑高杰").start();
    }
}


class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    //Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private int ticketNum = 10;
    Boolean flag = true;

    // 执行买票操作
    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(flag){
            buy();
        }
    }

    private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
        // 判断是否有票
        while(ticketNum <= 0){
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //lock.lock();
        Thread.sleep(100);
        // 买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum-- + "张票!");
        //lock.unlock();
    }
}

2.不安全的取钱

/**
 * @author gc
 * @date 2022/11/22 16:52
 * note : 两个同时用一个银行卡取钱
 */
public class UnSafeBank {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Account account = new Account(150,"中国工商银行");
        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "她");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();
    }
}

// 账户
class Account{
    int money; // 余额
    String name;  // 卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

class Drawing extends Thread{

    // 账户
    Account account;
    // 取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    // 现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);  // 父类的name 即线程的名字
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (account){
            if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "取不了,因为" + account.name + "钱不够！");
                return;
            }

            Thread.sleep(1000);

            // 卡内余额
            account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
            // 手里的钱
            nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

            //System.out.println(this.getName() + "取了" + drawingMoney);
            System.out.println(account.name + "余额为" + account.money);
            System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱" + nowMoney);
        }
    }
}

3.不安全的集合list

/**
 * @author gc
 * @date 2022/11/23 15:12
 * note : list集合是不安全的 元素覆盖
 */
public class UnSafeList {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

三、线程不安全解决方式

1.同步方法或同步块（synchronized锁）

a、同步方法（note:用在方法上控制这对象）

private synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {
    // 判断是否有票
    while(ticketNum <= 0){
        flag = false;
        return;
    }
    //lock.lock();
    Thread.sleep(100);
    // 买票
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNum-- + "张票!");
    //lock.unlock();
}

b、同步块 (note:用在方法块中被消费的对象)

@SneakyThrows
@Override
public void run() {
    synchronized (account){
        if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "取不了,因为" + account.name + "钱不够！");
            return;
        }

        Thread.sleep(1000);

        // 卡内余额
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        // 手里的钱
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

        //System.out.println(this.getName() + "取了" + drawingMoney);
        System.out.println(account.name + "余额为" + account.money);
        System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱" + nowMoney);
    }

}

2.lock锁

/**
 * @author gc
 * @date 2022/11/23 17:44
 * note : 演示lock锁的使用
 */
public class LockThread {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock testLock = new TestLock();

        new Thread(testLock).start();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
        new Thread(testLock).start();
    }
}

class TestLock implements Runnable{

    int ticketNum = 10;

    private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            try {
                lock.lock();
                if (ticketNum > 0){
                    try {
                        // 这里的延时是为了展示 抢票是按着队列一个一个来的 只有第一个抢到票并释放锁,队列中的下一个线程才获得锁 并继续执行!
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNum--);
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();  // 必须手动解锁
            }
        }
    }
}