MySQL多表查询

孤冢清风666

已于 2023-08-18 15:15:22 修改

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文章标签： mysql 数据库

于 2023-08-18 14:35:53 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_61049468/article/details/132359548

版权

本文详细介绍了如何使用SQL语言在数据库中创建表(student和score)，插入数据，并执行各种查询操作，如选择特定记录、按条件筛选和计算成绩等。

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创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE DML;
use DML;

创建表格

student表

CREATE TABLE student (
    id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
    sex VARCHAR(4),
    birth YEAR,
    department VARCHAR(20),
    address VARCHAR(50)
);

score表

CREATE TABLE score (
    id INT(10) NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    stu_id INT(10) NOT NULL,
    c_name VARCHAR(20),
    grade INT(10)
);

插入对应的数据

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 901,'张老大', '男',1985,'计算机系', '北京市海淀区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 902,'张老二', '男',1986,'中文系', '北京市昌平区');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 903,'张三', '女',1990,'中文系', '湖南省永州市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 904,'李四', '男',1990,'英语系', '辽宁省阜新市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 905,'王五', '女',1991,'英语系', '福建省厦门市');
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 906,'王六', '男',1988,'计算机系', '湖南省衡阳市');

INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '计算机',98);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,901, '英语', 80);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '计算机',65);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,902, '中文',88);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,903, '中文',95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '计算机',70);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,904, '英语',92);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,905, '英语',94);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '计算机',90);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,906, '英语',85);

查询student表的所有记录

SELECT * FROM student;

查询student表的第2条到4条记录

SELECT * FROM student LIMIT 1, 3;

从student表查询所有学生的学号（id）、姓名（name）和院系（department）的信息

SELECT id, name, department FROM student;

从student表中查询计算机系和英语系的学生的信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE department IN ('计算机系', '英语系');

从student表中查询年龄18~22岁的学生信息

插入两条数据

INSERT INTO student VALUES( 907,'赵启', '男',2003,'计算机系', '广东省深圳市');
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,907, '计算机',85);
mysql> INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL,907, '英语', 90);
INSERT INTO student VALUES( 908,'钱八','女',2002,'中文系','江苏省南京市');
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 908, '文学', 95);
INSERT INTO score VALUES(NULL, 908, '历史', 88);

SELECT * FROM student WHERE YEAR(CURRENT_DATE) - birth BETWEEN 18 AND 22;

从student表中查询每个院系有多少人

SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS count FROM student GROUP BY department;

从score表中查询每个科目的最高分

SELECT c_name, MAX(grade) AS max_grade FROM score GROUP BY c_name;

查询李四的考试科目（c_name）和考试成绩（grade）

SELECT c_name, grade FROM score WHERE stu_id = (SELECT id FROM student WHERE name = '李四');

用连接的方式查询所有学生的信息和考试信息

SELECT * FROM student INNER JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id;

计算每个学生的总成绩

SELECT name, SUM(grade) AS total_grade FROM student INNER JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id GROUP BY name;

计算每个考试科目的平均成绩

SELECT c_name, AVG(grade) AS average_grade FROM score GROUP BY c_name;

查询计算机成绩低于95的学生信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name = '计算机' AND grade < 95);

查询同时参加计算机和英语考试的学生的信息

SELECT * FROM student WHERE id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name = '计算机') AND id IN (SELECT stu_id FROM score WHERE c_name = '英语');

将计算机考试成绩按从高到低进行排序

SELECT * FROM score WHERE c_name = '计算机' ORDER BY grade DESC;

从student表和score表中查询出学生的学号，然后合并查询结果

SELECT student.id, student.name, score.c_name, score.grade FROM student, score WHERE student.id = score.stu_id;

查询姓张或者姓王的同学的姓名、院系和考试科目及成绩

SELECT student.name, student.department, score.c_name, score.grade FROM student INNER JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id WHERE student.name LIKE '张%' OR student.name LIKE '王%';

查询都是湖南的学生的姓名、年龄、院系和考试科目及成绩

SELECT student.name, YEAR(CURRENT_DATE) - student.birth AS age, student.department, score.c_name, score.grade FROM student INNER JOIN score ON student.id = score.stu_id WHERE student.address LIKE '%湖南%';