一、字符串操作
1.字符串创建
var s1="hello"
var s2=new String("hello")
var s1="hello"
var s2=new String("hello")
2.属性
s1.length 获取字符串的长度
console.log(s1.length)
3.方法
(1)获取字符
charAt() 返回给的位置的字符(单个)
charCodeAt() 返回字符编码
[] (下标)
var s1="hello"
01234------索引或下标值
console.log(s1[1]) //e
console.log(s1[0]) //h
console.log(s1[-1]) //error
console.log(s1.charCodeAt(0)) //104
console.log(s1.charCodeAt(2)) //108
console.log(s1.charAt(1)) //e
console.log(s1.charAt(4)) //o
(2)拼接字符串
+ 字符串连接
concat():用于将一个或多个字符串拼接起来,并返回拼接后得到的新字符串
var s1="hello"
var s2=s1.concat("world")
var s2=s1.concat("world","student","!")
var s1="hello"
var s2=s1.concat("world")
var s2=s1.concat("world","student","!")
console.log(s2)
(3)子字符串
substr(起始位置,长度) 从起始位置截取指定长度的子字符串
如起始位置为负数,则倒数
substring(起始位置,终止位置) 起始包含,终止不包含
遇到负数自动转换为0
起始如大于终止,则自动调换
slice(起始位置,终止位置)
识别负数
s1="hello world"
console.log(s1.substr(3)) //lo world
console.log(s1.substr(3,6)) //lo wor 长度
console.log(s1.substr(0)) //hello world
console.log(s1.substr(-3)) //rld
console.log(s1.substr(3,-4)) //""
console.log(s1.substr(8,3)) //rld
console.log(s1.substring(3)) //lo world
console.log(s1.substring(3,7)) //lo w
console.log(s1.substring(0)) //hello world
console.log(s1.substring(-3)) //hello world
console.log(s1.substring(3,-4)) //hel
console.log(s1.substring(8,3)) //lo wo
console.log(s1.slice(3)) //lo world
console.log(s1.slice(3,7)) //lo w
console.log(s1.slice(0)) //hello world
console.log(s1.slice(-3)) //rld
console.log(s1.slice(3,-4)) //lo w
console.log(s1.slice(8,3)) //"" 错误
console.log(s1.slice(3,7,3)) //lo w
(4)字符串大小写转换
s1="heLLo"
s1.toLowerCase() //小写
s1.toUpperCase() //大写
(5)去空格
s1=" he llo "
s1.trim() //he llo 去左右空格
(6)split 字符串分割
s1="he,l,lo,wo,r,d"
s1.split(",") [he,l,lo,wo,r,d]
s1.split(","2) [he,l]
s2="hellow"
s2.split("o") [he,ll,w]
(7)字符串位置方法
indexOf() 返回指定字符的第一个位置,如找不到,返回-1
第二个参数表示查找的起始位置
lastIndexOf() 从后向前查找
s1="hello world"
console.log(s1.indexOf("e")) //1
console.log(s1.indexOf("o")) //4
console.log(s1.indexOf("m")) //-1
console.log(s1.indexOf("o",6)) //7
console.log(s1.lastIndexOf("o")) //7
console.log(s1.lastIndexOf("l")) //9
while(s1.indexOf("l")>-1){
s1=s1.replace("l","m")
}
console.log(s1)
(8)替换replace
【1】返回新的字符串
【2】替换第一个匹配项
var s1="hello"
s2=s1.replace("e","m")
console.log(s1.replace("e","m")) //hmllo
console.log(s1.replace("l","m")) //hemlo
二、Ascii码
0 48
9 57
A 65
Z 90
a 97
z 122
空格 32
回车 13