CRT
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x \equiv a_1 (mod \ m_1)\\x \equiv a_2 (mod \ m_2)\\x \equiv a_3 (mod \ m_4)\\ .\\.\\.\\x \equiv a_n (mod \ m_n)\\
x≡a1(mod m1)x≡a2(mod m2)x≡a3(mod m4)...x≡an(mod mn)
若
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两两互质
m_i,m_j, i \in[1,n], j \in[1,n],m_i,m_j两两互质
mi,mj,i∈[1,n],j∈[1,n],mi,mj两两互质求x为多少?
结论: x = ∑ i = 1 n a i M i t i x = \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_iM_it_i x=∑i=1naiMiti。
首先我们要引入三种变量 M , M i , t i M, M_i,t_i M,Mi,ti。
M = ∏ i = 1 n m i M=\prod_{i=1}^{n}m_i M=∏i=1nmi;
M i = M m i M_i = \frac{M}{m_i} Mi=miM;
t i = M i − 1 t_i = M_i^{-1} ti=Mi−1为 M i m o d m i M_i \ mod\ m_i Mi mod mi的逆元:
M i t i ≡ 1 ( m o d m i ) M_it_i \equiv 1(mod \ m_i) Miti≡1(mod mi);
而这三个变量是我们得以证明CRT的关键。
证明
∵ M i = M m i \because M_i = \frac{M}{m_i} ∵Mi=miM, M i M_i Mi是除 m i m_i mi以外其他所有模数的倍数。(1)
由(1)得:
∴
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\therefore \forall \ k \ne i, \ a_iM_it_i \equiv 0(mod \ m_k)
∴∀ k=i, aiMiti≡0(mod mk)(2)
∴
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\therefore a_iM_it_i \equiv a_i(mod \ m_i)
∴aiMiti≡ai(mod mi)(3)
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\because (a*b) \ mod \ m = (a \ mod \ m \ * \ b \ mod \ m) \ mod \ m
∵(a∗b) mod m=(a mod m ∗ b mod m) mod m
∴
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\therefore M_it_i \equiv 1 (mod \ m_i)
∴Miti≡1(mod mi)
∴
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\therefore a_i \ mod \ m_i * M_i*t_i \ mod \ m_i = a_i \ mod \ m_i * 1
∴ai mod mi∗Mi∗ti mod mi=ai mod mi∗1
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\because (a+b) \ mod \ p = a \ mod \ p + b \ mod \ p
∵(a+b) mod p=a mod p+b mod p;然后我们将
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x = \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_iM_it_i
x=∑i=1naiMiti代入其中一个式子:
例如:
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x \equiv a_1 (mod \ m_1)
x≡a1(mod m1)
= ∑ i = 1 n a i M i t i ≡ a i ( m o d m i ) = \sum_{i=1}^{n}a_iM_it_i \equiv a_i (mod \ m_i) =∑i=1naiMiti≡ai(mod mi)
= a 1 t 1 M 1 m o d m 1 + a 2 t 2 M 2 m o d m 1 + . . . + a n t n M n m o d m 1 =a_1t_1M_1 \ mod \ m_1 + a_2t_2M_2 \ mod \ m_1+...+a_nt_nM_n \ mod \ m_1 =a1t1M1 mod m1+a2t2M2 mod m1+...+antnMn mod m1
然而除了第一项以外,其余项全为0,而 a 1 t 1 M 1 m o d m 1 = a 1 m o d m 1 a_1t_1M_1 \ mod \ m_1 = a_1 \ mod \ m_1 a1t1M1 mod m1=a1 mod m1符合条件。
带入其他式子同理;证毕。