图遍历算法

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已于 2024-05-07 22:40:14 修改

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分类专栏：编程题刷题录文章标签：算法深度优先

于 2024-03-07 23:42:34 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_62525547/article/details/136549041

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本文介绍了图的顶点和边的类定义，详细讲解了深度优先遍历（DFS）和广度优先遍历（BFS）算法，以及它们在Java中的实现，包括递归和非递归版本。

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图的遍历算法有两种：深度优先遍历、广度优先遍历算法。

深度优先遍历算法就是从起始结点开始，只要有相邻且未被访问的结点就要直接进行访问，直到最后不能向下遍历为止，再回溯寻找下一个策略。

广度优先遍历算法，就是从起点开始向下一层一层的进行遍历，直到最后没有结点。

一、图的结点和边的相关类定义

顶点：

package graph;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * 顶点类
 */
public class Vertex {
    String name;
    List<Edge> edges;
    boolean flag;//是否被访问过
    int inDegree;//结点的入度

    public Vertex() {
    }

    public Vertex(String name, List<Edge> edges) {
        this.name = name;
        this.edges = edges;
    }

    public Vertex(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public List<Edge> getEdges() {
        return edges;
    }

    public void setEdges(List<Edge> edges) {
        this.edges = edges;
    }
}

边：

package graph;

/**
 * 边类
 */
public class Edge {
    Vertex vertex;
    int weight;

    public Edge() {
    }

    public Edge(Vertex vertex) {
        this.vertex = vertex;
    }

    public Edge(Vertex vertex, int weight) {
        this.vertex = vertex;
        this.weight = weight;
    }

    public Vertex getVertex() {
        return vertex;
    }

    public void setVertex(Vertex vertex) {
        this.vertex = vertex;
    }

    public int getWeight() {
        return weight;
    }

    public void setWeight(int weight) {
        this.weight = weight;
    }
}

二、深度优先遍历算法

package graph;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class DFS {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Vertex v1=new Vertex("v1",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v2=new Vertex("v2",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v3=new Vertex("v3",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v4=new Vertex("v4",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v5=new Vertex("v5",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v6=new Vertex("v6",new LinkedList<>());

        v1.edges.add(new Edge(v3,9));
        v1.edges.add(new Edge(v2,7));
        v1.edges.add(new Edge(v6,14));

        v2.edges.add(new Edge(v4,15));

        v3.edges.add(new Edge(v4,11));
        v3.edges.add(new Edge(v6,2));

        v4.edges.add(new Edge(v5,6));

        v6.edges.add(new Edge(v5,9));

//        dfs(v1);
        dfs2(v1);
    }
    //递归方式从一个结点开始深度遍历整个图
    public static void dfs(Vertex v){
        v.flag=true;
        System.out.println(v.name);
        for(Edge edge:v.edges){
            if(!edge.vertex.flag){
                dfs(edge.vertex);
            }
        }
    }
    //非递归方式从一个结点开始深度遍历整个图
    public static void dfs2(Vertex vertex){
        LinkedList<Vertex> stack=new LinkedList<>();
        stack.push(vertex);
        while (!stack.isEmpty()){
            Vertex pop = stack.pop();
            pop.flag=true;
            System.out.println(pop.name);
            for (Edge edge : pop.edges) {
                if(!edge.vertex.flag){
                    stack.push(edge.vertex);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

三、广度优先遍历算法

package graph;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

public class BFS {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Vertex v1=new Vertex("v1",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v2=new Vertex("v2",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v3=new Vertex("v3",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v4=new Vertex("v4",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v5=new Vertex("v5",new LinkedList<>());
        Vertex v6=new Vertex("v6",new LinkedList<>());

        v1.edges.add(new Edge(v3,9));
        v1.edges.add(new Edge(v2,7));
        v1.edges.add(new Edge(v6,14));

        v2.edges.add(new Edge(v4,15));

        v3.edges.add(new Edge(v4,11));
        v3.edges.add(new Edge(v6,2));

        v4.edges.add(new Edge(v5,6));

        v6.edges.add(new Edge(v5,9));
        bfs(v1);
    }
    public static void bfs(Vertex vertex){
        LinkedList<Vertex> queue=new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(vertex);
        vertex.flag=true;
        while (!queue.isEmpty()){
            Vertex poll = queue.poll();
            System.out.println(poll.name);
            for (Edge edge : poll.edges) {
                if(!edge.vertex.flag){
                    edge.vertex.flag=true;
                    queue.offer(edge.vertex);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}