考试题型：30道单选题（30'）+ 6道函数题（70'）+ 1道编程题（20'）
函数题：类的定义、接口的实现、继承和多态、数组和排序、自定义异常、多线程
题源：PTA
目录
1. 类的定义
练习1：6-6 设计一个矩形类Rectangle
import java.util.Scanner;
/* 你的代码将被嵌入到这里 */
class Rectangle{
double width=1;
double height=1;
public Rectangle() {
}
public Rectangle(double width, double height) {
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
}
public double getArea(){
return width*height;
}
public double getPerimeter(){
return 2*(width+height);
}
}
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
double w = input.nextDouble();
double h = input.nextDouble();
Rectangle myRectangle = new Rectangle(w, h);
System.out.println(myRectangle.getArea());
System.out.println(myRectangle.getPerimeter());
input.close();
}
}
2. 继承和多态
练习1：6-7 Shape类
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test2{
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
double length = scan.nextDouble();
Square s = new Square(length);
System.out.printf("%.2f ",s.getPerimeter());
System.out.printf("%.2f\n",s.getArea());
length = scan.nextDouble();
double wide = scan.nextDouble();
rectangle r = new rectangle(length,wide);
System.out.printf("%.2f ",r.getPerimeter());
System.out.printf("%.2f\n",r.getArea());
double radius = scan.nextDouble();
Circle c = new Circle(radius);
System.out.printf("%.2f ",c.getPerimeter());
System.out.printf("%.2f\n",c.getArea());
scan.close();
}
}
/* 你的代码被嵌在这里 */
abstract class Shape{
public abstract double getPerimeter();
public abstract double getArea();
}
class Square extends Shape{
double len;
public Square(double len) {
this.len = len;
}
@Override
public double getPerimeter() {
return len*4;
}
@Override
public double getArea() {
return len*len;
}
}
class rectangle extends Shape{
double len;
double wid;
public rectangle(double len, double wid) {
this.len = len;
this.wid = wid;
}
@Override
public double getPerimeter() {
return 2*(len+wid);
}
@Override
public double getArea() {
return len*wid;
}
}
class Circle extends Shape{
double r;
public Circle(double r) {
this.r = r;
}
@Override
public double getPerimeter() {
return 2*Math.PI*r;
}
@Override
public double getArea() {
return Math.PI*r*r;
}
}例2：人喂动物
Person类中：
public void keepPet(Animal a,String something){
if(a instanceof Dog){
Dog d = (Dog) a;
System.out.println(age + "岁的" + name + "在喂狗");
} else if (a instanceof Cat) {
Cat c = (Cat) a;
System.out.println(age + "岁的" + name + "在喂猫");
}else {
System.out.println("没有这种动物");
}重点是：
public void keepPet(Animal a,String something){} #参数是类,可以传入它的所有子类。
Main中：
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person wang = new Person("老王",40);
Animal dog = new Dog(2,"黑色");
//第一个参数是Animal，当方法的参数是一个类时，可以传入它的所有子类
//这里就可以传入Animal的子类：Dog和Cat ，注意:传入的是实例dog而非类型Dog
wang.keepPet(dog,"骨头");
Person li = new Person("老李",45);
Animal cat = new Cat(3,"黄色");
li.keepPet(cat,"鱼刺");
}重点是：
Animal dog = new Dog(2,"黑色"); //父类的引用
wang.keepPet(dog,"骨头"); //多态
li.keepPet(cat,"鱼刺"); //多态
3. 接口的实现
小测2：7-1 定义接口（Biology、Animal）、类（Person）、子类（Pupil）
代码：
public interface Biology {
public abstract void breathe();
}
public interface Animal {
public abstract void eat();
public abstract void sleep();
}
public class Person implements Animal,Biology{
@Override
public void eat() {
System.out.println("我会按时吃饭");
}
@Override
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("早睡早起身体好");
}
@Override
public void breathe() {
System.out.println("我喜欢呼吸新鲜空气");
}
public void think(){
System.out.println("我喜欢思考");
}
}
public class Pupil extends Person{
private String school;
public Pupil() {
}
public Pupil(String school) {
this.school = school;
}
public String getSchool() {
return school;
}
public void setSchool(String school) {
this.school = school;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Pupil zhangsan = new Pupil("福建理工大学");
zhangsan.breathe();
zhangsan.eat();
zhangsan.sleep();
zhangsan.think();
System.out.println("我的学校是" + zhangsan.getSchool());
}
}
运行结果：
发现：若父类实现了接口，那么子类也会实现该接口。
4. 数组和排序
方法1：实现Comparable接口并重写compareTo方法，然后再用Collections去调用sort方法，在sort方法里面添加list对象进行排序
（类实现parable，然后重写pareTo，最后Main中Collections.sort来排序）
Main函数：
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Worker> list=new ArrayList<>();
//排序
Collections.sort(list); //③ Collections调用sort方法
}
①实现Comparable接口，class Worker implements Comparable<Worker>{}
class Worker implements Comparable<Worker>{
private int age;
private String name;
private double salary;
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public Worker(int age, String name, double salary) {
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Worker{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", salary=" + salary +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Worker o) {
/*按照年龄age进行排序*/
return this.age-o.age;
// /*按照姓名name进行排序*/
// return this.name.compareTo(o.name);
}
}② 重写compareTo函数：
public int compareTo(Worker o) {
/*按照年龄age进行排序*/
return this.age-o.age; //用自己减别人是升序的
// /*按照姓名name进行排序*/
// return this.name.compareTo(o.name); //字符串比较要用compareTo()
}
方法2：直接用Collections去调用sort方法，但这个sort方法含有两个参数，一个参数是list,另一个参数是new一个Comparator<Worker>，然后再去重写compare方法。
（类不变，全都在Main里了：两参一列一parator,最后重写pare方法）
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<Worker> list=new ArrayList<>();
//在list中添加几个对象
list.add(new Worker(15,"张3",3522.0));
list.add(new Worker(17,"张1",3512.0));
list.add(new Worker(16,"张2",3532.0));
Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Worker>() {
@Override
public int compare(Worker o1, Worker o2) {
/*按照age排序*/
return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge();
// /*按照name排序*/
// return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
});
}重点是：
Collections.sort(list, new Comparator<Worker>() { @Override public int compare(Worker o1, Worker o2) { /*按照age排序*/ return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge(); // /*按照name排序*/ // return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()); } });
Tips：比较数字用减法，比较字符用pareTo()
5. 自定义异常类 （最简单的）
【方法】所有异常继承RuntimeException或Exception，异常类中写3个东西：空参构造、带参构造和toString()函数。
可能就像这样：名字不合法异常、分数不合法异常
Main函数中：
try {
String name = sc.next();
int score = sc.nextInt();
Stu stu = new Stu(name,score);
System.out.println(stu);
}catch (illegalNameException | illegalScoreException e){
System.out.println(e);
}catch (Exception e){
System.out.println("java.util.NoSuchElementException");
}
}
重点是：
//异常类
//名字不合法异常
class illegalNameException extends RuntimeException{
String name;
public illegalNameException() {}
public illegalNameException(String message) {
this.name = message;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "IllegalNameException: the first char of name must not be digit,name="+name;
}
}
//分数不合法异常
class illegalScoreException extends RuntimeException{
int score;
public illegalScoreException(){}
public illegalScoreException(String message){
this.age=message;
}
public String toString(){
return "return "IllegalScoreException: score out of range, score="+score;"
}
}
public Stu(String name, int score) {
if(name.charAt(0)>='0'&&name.charAt(0)<='9'){
throw new illegalNameException(name);
}
if(score<0||score>100){
throw new illegalScoreException(score+"");
}
this.name = name;
this.score = score;
}
6. 多线程(基本的使用)
练习3：6-1（大概率是这种题）
【方法】线程类继承自Thread，里面包括3个东西：无参构造、带参构造和run()函数。
public class Test1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
Thread t1 = new MyThread(Integer.parseInt(sc.next()));
t1.start();
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread{
int n;
public MyThread() {
}
public MyThread(int n) {
this.n = n;
}
public void run(){
for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
System.out.println(i);
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+isAlive());
}
// int sum=0;
// public void run(){
// for (int i=0;i<n;i++){
// sum+=i;
// }
// System.out.println("sum:" + sum);
// }
}7. 易错单选题：
练习1
练习2：
练习3：
练习4：
小测1：
小测2：
【附录】
1. 在当前类中调用成员变量直接使用即可。如:
public class Person {
String name;
int age;
System.out.println(age +"岁的" + name +"在喂狗");
}但若是子类调用从父类继承下来的成员变量，就不直接写变量名了，要写成 get成员方法
public class Animal {
int age;
String color;
}
public class Dog extends Animal{
public void eat(String something){
System.out.println("我家的小狗" + getAge()+"岁,颜色是"+getColor());
}
}2. 输入
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); zhangsan.setSchool(sc.next());
3. Ctrl + P 显示提示
4. Alt + Enter 报错修正
5. Fn+ Alt +Insert ，插入
好啦，此次的Java复习就先到这，还有1小时55分钟就要奔赴考场啦~祝我们都能考个好成绩！(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒(ᕑᗢᓫ∗)˒
——2023.6.19 下午 🌤
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