Linux中host&host.conf&host.allow&host.deny作用

可实现应急响应断网:阻止本机对恶意IP的访问链接

/etc/host.conf

为解析库声明的配置信息

/etc/hostname

配置主机名(永久生效)

/etc/hosts

配置ip地址映射

/etc/hosts.allow

配置ip地址白名单

/etc/hosts.deny

配置ip地址黑名单

解析执行顺序流程:

1.host.conf文件:

order  bind,hosts 指定主机名查询顺序,这里规定先采用dns解析器,解析不到才查hosts文件

multi on 指定“/etc/hosts”文件中指定的主机是否可以有多个地址,拥有多个IP地址的主机一般称为多穴主机。

nospoof  on 或 off,指定主机名的欺骗是否打开 开启/关闭

2.host文件:负责IP地址与域名快速解析的文件

格式:IP地址   主机名/域名

比如:1.1.1.1  www.baidu.com

3./etc/resolv.conf:

该文件是由域名解析器(resolver,一个根据主机名解析IP地址的库)使用的配置文件,也是DNS域名解析的配置文件。

示例:

domain centoscn.com         声明主机的域名

search  www.centocn.com www.wgjlb.com      它的多个参数指明域名查询顺序

nameserver 8.8.8.8     表明DNS服务器的IP地址

nameserver 8.8.4.4

4.hosts.deny和hosts.allow:拒绝与允许的文件

经常配置这两个文件用来禁止或放行ssh和telnet登陆,host.allow优先

ssh许单个ip

sshd:1.1.1.1

ssh的ip段

sshd:1.1.1.0/24

telnet单个ip

in.telnetd:1.1.1.1

telnet的ip段

in.telnetd:1.1.1. 0/24

限制所有去往此ip的服务   *:1.1.1.1  //编辑deny文件

DHCP(动态主机配置协议)是一种自动分配IP地址和其他网络配置信息的协议。在Linux系统,DHCP服务器通常使用dhcpd服务来提供这种服务。配置dhcpd服务需要编辑dhcpd.conf文件。下面是一个基本的dhcpd.conf配置示例: ``` # option definitions common to all supported networks option domain-name "example.com"; option domain-name-servers ns1.example.com, ns2.example.com; default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; # Use this to enble / disable dynamic dns updates globally. #ddns-update-style none; # If this DHCP server is the official DHCP server for the local # network, the authoritative directive should be uncommented. #authoritative; # Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also # have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection). log-facility local7; # No service will be given on this subnet, but declaring it helps the # DHCP server to understand the network topology. subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { } # This is a very basic subnet declaration. subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20; option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org, rtr-239-0-2.example.org; } # This declaration allows BOOTP clients to get dynamic addresses, # which we don't really recommend. #subnet 10.254.239.32 netmask 255.255.255.224 { # range dynamic-bootp 10.254.239.40 10.254.239.60; # option broadcast-address 10.254.239.31; # option routers rtr-239-32-1.example.org; #} # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet. #subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { # range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30; # option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org; # option domain-name "internal.example.org"; # option routers 10.5.5.1; # option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31; # default-lease-time 600; # max-lease-time 7200; #} # Hosts which require special configuration options can be listed in # host statements. If no address is specified, the address will be # assigned from the declared subnet. The addresses for the hosts # must be in the declared subnet. #host passacaglia { # hardware ethernet 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95; # filename "vmunix.passacaglia"; # server-name "toccata.fugue.com"; #} # Fixed IP addresses can also be specified for hosts. These addresses # should not also be listed as being available for dynamic assignment. # Hosts for which fixed IP addresses have been specified can boot using # BOOTP or DHCP. Hosts for which no fixed address is specified can only # be booted with DHCP, unless there is an address range on the subnet # to which a BOOTP client is connected which has the dynamic-bootp flag # set. #host fantasia { # hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5; # fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com; #} # You can declare a class of clients and then do address allocation # based on that. The example below shows a case where all clients # in a certain class get addresses on the 10.17.224/24 subnet, and all # other clients get addresses on the 10.0.29/24 subnet. #class "foo" { # match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 4) = "SUNW"; #} #shared-network 224-29 { # subnet 10.17.224.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { # option routers rtr-224.example.org; # } # subnet 10.0.29.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { # option routers rtr-29.example.org; # } # pool { # allow members of "foo"; # range 10.17.224.10 10.17.224.250; # } # pool { # deny members of "foo"; # range 10.0.29.10 10.0.29.230; # } #} ``` 在上面的示例,定义了三个子网:192.168.1.0/24,10.254.239.0/27和10.5.5.0/27。每个子网都有自己的IP地址范围,路由器和其他网络配置选项。如果需要,可以添加更多的子网和其他选项。请确保在编辑配置文件之前备份原始文件,并在更改配置后重启dhcpd服务。
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