本文详细介绍了J2EE中JSP的标签语言特点，包括空标签、UI标签和控制标签等，并展示了自定义标签的创建步骤，如导入标签库、配置.tld文件和编写助手类。同时，解释了标签的生命周期，如doStartTag、doAfterBody和doEndTag等方法的作用。此外，还讨论了set和out标签的使用，并给出了自定义set和out标签的示例代码。
一、标签语言特点
1.标签形式
<开始标签 属性=“属性值”>标签体</结束标签>
如：
<c:if test="true">true</c:if>
<c:if test=“true”>开始标签
true 标签体
</c:if> 结束标签
2.分类
空标签：例如：br、hr
ui标签：例如：input、table
控制标签：例如：if、foreach
数据标签：例如：out标签
二、自定义标签的开始及使用步骤
步骤：
1.首先导入标签库
<!-- 首先要导入标签库 -->
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
2.通过点击c:if标签，可以链接跳到c.tld文件中，而==.tld文件就是C标签库的定义配置文件==
如：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>c</short-name>
<uri>http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core</uri>
<validator>
<description>
Provides core validation features for JSTL tags.
</description>
<validator-class>
org.apache.taglibs.standard.tlv.JstlCoreTLV
</validator-class>
</validator>
<tag>
<description>
Catches any Throwable that occurs in its body and optionally
exposes it.
</description>
<name>catch</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.CatchTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
exception thrown from a nested action. The type of the
scoped variable is the type of the exception thrown.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Simple conditional tag that establishes a context for
mutually exclusive conditional operations, marked by
<when> and <otherwise>
</description>
<name>choose</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.ChooseTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Simple conditional tag, which evalutes its body if the
supplied condition is true and optionally exposes a Boolean
scripting variable representing the evaluation of this condition
</description>
<name>if</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.IfTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The test condition that determines whether or
not the body content should be processed.
</description>
<name>test</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>boolean</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
resulting value of the test condition. The type
of the scoped variable is Boolean.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Retrieves an absolute or relative URL and exposes its contents
to either the page, a String in 'var', or a Reader in 'varReader'.
</description>
<name>import</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ImportTag</tag-class>
<tei-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tei.ImportTEI</tei-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The URL of the resource to import.
</description>
<name>url</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
resource's content. The type of the scoped
variable is String.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
resource's content. The type of the scoped
variable is Reader.
</description>
<name>varReader</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the context when accessing a relative
URL resource that belongs to a foreign
context.
</description>
<name>context</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Character encoding of the content at the input
resource.
</description>
<name>charEncoding</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
The basic iteration tag, accepting many different
collection types and supporting subsetting and other
functionality
</description>
<name>forEach</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForEachTag</tag-class>
<tei-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tei.ForEachTEI</tei-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Collection of items to iterate over.
</description>
<name>items</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>java.lang.Object</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
If items specified:
Iteration begins at the item located at the
specified index. First item of the collection has
index 0.
If items not specified:
Iteration begins with index set at the value
specified.
</description>
<name>begin</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
If items specified:
Iteration ends at the item located at the
specified index (inclusive).
If items not specified:
Iteration ends when index reaches the value
specified.
</description>
<name>end</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration will only process every step items of
the collection, starting with the first one.
</description>
<name>step</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
current item of the iteration. This scoped
variable has nested visibility. Its type depends
on the object of the underlying collection.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
status of the iteration. Object exported is of type
javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.LoopTagStatus. This scoped variable has nested
visibility.
</description>
<name>varStatus</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Iterates over tokens, separated by the supplied delimeters
</description>
<name>forTokens</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ForTokensTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
String of tokens to iterate over.
</description>
<name>items</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
The set of delimiters (the characters that
separate the tokens in the string).
</description>
<name>delims</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>java.lang.String</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration begins at the token located at the
specified index. First token has index 0.
</description>
<name>begin</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration ends at the token located at the
specified index (inclusive).
</description>
<name>end</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Iteration will only process every step tokens
of the string, starting with the first one.
</description>
<name>step</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>int</type>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
current item of the iteration. This scoped
variable has nested visibility.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
status of the iteration. Object exported is of
type
javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.LoopTag
Status. This scoped variable has nested
visibility.
</description>
<name>varStatus</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Like <%= ... >, but for expressions.
</description>
<name>out</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.OutTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Expression to be evaluated.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Default value if the resulting value is null.
</description>
<name>default</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Determines whether characters <,>,&,'," in the
resulting string should be converted to their
corresponding character entity codes. Default value is
true.
</description>
<name>escapeXml</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Subtag of <choose> that follows <when> tags
and runs only if all of the prior conditions evaluated to
'false'
</description>
<name>otherwise</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.OtherwiseTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Adds a parameter to a containing 'import' tag's URL.
</description>
<name>param</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.ParamTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the query string parameter.
</description>
<name>name</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Value of the parameter.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Redirects to a new URL.
</description>
<name>redirect</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.RedirectTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The URL of the resource to redirect to.
</description>
<name>url</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the context when redirecting to a relative URL
resource that belongs to a foreign context.
</description>
<name>context</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Removes a scoped variable (from a particular scope, if specified).
</description>
<name>remove</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.common.core.RemoveTag</tag-class>
<body-content>empty</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the scoped variable to be removed.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Sets the result of an expression evaluation in a 'scope'
</description>
<name>set</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.SetTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable to hold the value
specified in the action. The type of the scoped variable is
whatever type the value expression evaluates to.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Expression to be evaluated.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Target object whose property will be set. Must evaluate to
a JavaBeans object with setter property property, or to a
java.util.Map object.
</description>
<name>target</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the property to be set in the target object.
</description>
<name>property</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Creates a URL with optional query parameters.
</description>
<name>url</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.UrlTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the exported scoped variable for the
processed url. The type of the scoped variable is
String.
</description>
<name>var</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Scope for var.
</description>
<name>scope</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
URL to be processed.
</description>
<name>value</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<description>
Name of the context when specifying a relative URL
resource that belongs to a foreign context.
</description>
<name>context</name>
<required>false</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<description>
Subtag of <choose> that includes its body if its
condition evalutes to 'true'
</description>
<name>when</name>
<tag-class>org.apache.taglibs.standard.tag.rt.core.WhenTag</tag-class>
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<attribute>
<description>
The test condition that determines whether or not the
body content should be processed.
</description>
<name>test</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
<type>boolean</type>
</attribute>
</tag>
</taglib>
3.自己建立一个.tld文件，把内容复制.tld文件
如：xlb.tld 一定要放到WEB-INF目录下面留一个标签
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<taglib xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-jsptaglibrary_2_0.xsd"
version="2.0">
<description>JSTL 1.1 core library</description>
<display-name>JSTL core</display-name>
<tlib-version>1.1</tlib-version>
<short-name>x</short-name>
<uri>http://jsp.xlb.like.cn</uri>
<validator>
<description>
Provides core validation features for JSTL tags.
</description>
<validator-class>
org.apache.taglibs.standard.tlv.JstlCoreTLV
</validator-class>
</validator>
<tag>
<!-- 代表标签库的名字 -->
<name>demo1</name>
<!-- 改标签对应的助手类的全路径名 -->
<tag-class>com.xlb.tag.Demo1Tag1</tag-class>
<!-- 代表一个JSP标签(不能省) -->
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<!-- 该自定义JSP标签的属性名称 -->
<!-- <attribute> -->
<!-- 该自定义JSP标签的属性名称 -->
<!-- <name>var</name> -->
<!-- 该属性是否必填 -->
<!-- <required>false</required> -->
<!-- 该属性值是否支持表达式 -->
<!-- <rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue> -->
<!-- </attribute> -->
</tag>
建议一个助手类 必须继承bodytagSupport
package com.xlb.tag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* 助手类 必须继承bodytagSupport
* @author 波哥
*
* 2022年6月17日 下午7:20:54
*/
public class Demo1Tag1 extends BodyTagSupport{
//开始标签
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
System.out.println("================doStartTag=============");
/*return super.doStartTag();*/
//SKIP_BODY跳过
//return SKIP_BODY;
//EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE 相当于调用默认方法
return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
}
@Override
public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
System.out.println("================JspException========");
return super.doAfterBody();
//会进入死循环
//return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
}
//结束标签
@Override
public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
System.out.println("============doEndTag===========");
return super.doEndTag();
//跳过结束标签以后的表示值
//return SKIP_PAGE;
}
}
建立一个类来规范if标签规则
package com.xlb.tag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* if标签
* 分析
* 如果满足条件，就打印标签体-》dostarttag的返回值eval_body_include
* 如果不满足条件，就不输出标签体->dostarttag的返回值skip_body
* 需要获取到是否满足条件的结果值，那么该标签就有一个属性，属性值是boolean
* @author 波哥
*
* 2022年6月17日 下午7:46:19
*/
public class IfTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private boolean test;
public boolean isTest() {
return test;
}
public void setTest(boolean test) {
this.test = test;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
//如果满足条件，就打印标签体-》dostarttag的返回值eval_body_include
//如果不满足条件，就不输出标签体->dostarttag的返回值skip_body
return test ? EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE : SKIP_BODY;
}
}
Demo2
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://jsp.xlb.like.cn" prefix="x" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
1、自定义标签库是与tld文件相关的
2、标签库中的标签与tld中的tag标签有关系，也就是跟tag对应的元素对应的助手类有关
-->
<x:if test="true">true</x:if>
<x:if test="false">false</x:if>
<x:set var="name" value="lisi"></x:set>
<x:out value="${name}"></x:out>
</body>
</html>
运行结果
三、标签生命周期
返回值：
SKIP_BODY：跳过主体
EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE：计算标签主体内容并（输出）
EVAL_BODY_AGAIN：在计算主体一次
EVAL_PAGE:计算页面的后续部分
SKIP_PAGE：跳过页面后续部分
标签开发场景:
doStarTag()------------------》doEndTag（）
doStartTag()---------------------》doAfterBody-------------》doEndTag()
doStatTag()---------------》doAfterBody（循环）-----------------》doEndTag()
例如：Demo1Tag
package com.xlb.tag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* 助手类 必须继承bodytagSupport
* @author 波哥
*
* 2022年6月17日 下午7:20:54
*/
public class Demo1Tag1 extends BodyTagSupport{
//开始标签
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
System.out.println("================doStartTag=============");
/*return super.doStartTag();*/
//SKIP_BODY跳过
//return SKIP_BODY;
//EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE 相当于调用默认方法
return EVAL_BODY_INCLUDE;
}
@Override
public int doAfterBody() throws JspException {
System.out.println("================JspException========");
return super.doAfterBody();
//会进入死循环
//return EVAL_BODY_AGAIN;
}
//结束标签
@Override
public int doEndTag() throws JspException {
System.out.println("============doEndTag===========");
return super.doEndTag();
//跳过结束标签以后的表示值
//return SKIP_PAGE;
}
}
四.set与out标签
首先建立两个对应的实体类outTag,setTag
package com.xlb.tag;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* UI
* servlet中后台代码前台输出内容：out.pr
* 分析：
* 将数据输出到前台，首先拿到输出流
* @author 波哥
*
* 2022年6月17日 下午7:59:06
*/
public class OutTag extends BodyTagSupport {
private Object value;
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut();
try {
out.print(value);
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return super.doStartTag();
}
}
package com.xlb.tag;
import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.BodyTagSupport;
/**
* 数据标签,存储数据的
* 作用域：pagecontext,request,session,application
*
* 要存储数据：以键值对的形式存储，分析得来该标签有两个属性
* @author 波哥
*
* 2022年6月17日 下午7:54:20
*/
public class SetTag extends BodyTagSupport{
private String var;
private Object value;
public String getVar() {
return var;
}
public void setVar(String var) {
this.var = var;
}
public Object getValue() {
return value;
}
public void setValue(Object value) {
this.value = value;
}
@Override
public int doStartTag() throws JspException {
// 要存储数据：以键值对的形式存储，分析得来该标签有两个属性
pageContext.setAttribute(var, value);
return super.doStartTag();
}
}
再在tld文件中加入两个标签
<tag>
<!-- 代表标签库的名字 -->
<name>set</name>
<!-- 改标签对应的助手类的全路径名 -->
<tag-class>com.xlb.tag.SetTag</tag-class>
<!-- 代表一个JSP标签(不能省) -->
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<!-- 该自定义JSP标签的属性名称 -->
<attribute>
<name>var</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
<tag>
<!-- 代表标签库的名字 -->
<name>out</name>
<!-- 改标签对应的助手类的全路径名 -->
<tag-class>com.xlb.tag.OutTag</tag-class>
<!-- 代表一个JSP标签(不能省) -->
<body-content>JSP</body-content>
<!-- 该自定义JSP标签的属性名称 -->
<attribute>
<name>value</name>
<required>true</required>
<rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
</attribute>
</tag>
最后调用
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://jsp.xlb.like.cn" prefix="x" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<!--
结论1.在有标签体的情况下，默认会调用助手类的dostarttag，doafterbody，doendtag方法
结论2.如果将dostarttag的返回值改为skip_body，那么doafterbody就不会调用执行（路线1）
结论3.如果将dostarttag的返回值改为eval_body_include，那么doafterbody就会执行（路线2）
结论4.如果将doafterbody的返回值改为eval_body_again，那么会一致调用doafterbody，进入循环(路线3)
-->
<x:demo1>x</x:demo1>
<x:if test="true">true</x:if>
<x:if test="false">false</x:if>
<x:set var="name" value="laoliu"></x:set>
<x:out value="${name}"></x:out>
</body>
</html>
结果
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