Fragment（未完结）

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-14 19:56:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-14 19:56:00 发布

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文章标签： android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_63589255/article/details/140275438

版权

什么是Fragment?

1:具备生命周期,小Activity

2:必须委托在activity中才能运行

Fragment初体验

1、创建fragment_blank.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.fragment.BlankFragment">

    <!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:text="@string/hello_blank_fragment" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="48dp"
        android:text="how are you?"/>


</LinearLayout>

2、创建Fragment

package com.example.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;

import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.example.chapter01.R;


public class BlankFragment extends Fragment {


    private View root;
    private TextView tv;
    private Button btn;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        // Inflate the layout for this fragment
//        用解析器解析，与Activity不同
        if (root == null) {
            root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_blank, container, false);
        }
        tv = root.findViewById(R.id.tv);
        btn = root.findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                tv.setText("Yes,I am,and you?");
            }
        });
        return root;
    }
}

3、在activity_main.xml文件中加入fragment

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.fragment.MainActivity">
    
    <fragment android:name="com.example.fragment.BlankFragment"
        android:id="@+id/fragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        tools:layout="@layout/fragment_blank" />


</LinearLayout>

如何在activity中添加2个fragment？

再次创建一个Fragment并添加在activity_main.xml

动态添加Fragment

动态添加Fragment步骤：

1)创建一个待处理的fragment

2)获取FragmentManager,一般都是通过getSupportFragmentManager()

3)开启一个事务transaction,一般调用fragmentManager的beginTransaction()

4) 使用transaction进行 fragment的替换

5)提交事务

1、在activity_main.xml中创建2个Button，1个FrameLayout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.fragmentbase.Main2Activity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/change"></Button>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/replace"></Button>

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/framelayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#00ffff"></FrameLayout>
    
</LinearLayout>

2、创建两个Fragment用于动态切换

3、在MainActivity中为2个Button设置监听并创建动态切换Fragment的方法

package com.example.fragmentbase;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import com.example.myapplication.R;

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        Button button1 = findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        button1.setOnClickListener(this);
        Button button2 = findViewById(R.id.btn2);
        button2.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (view.getId() == R.id.btn1) {
            replaceFragment(new BlankFragment());
        } else if (view.getId() == R.id.btn2) {
            replaceFragment(new ItemFragment());
        }

    }

    private void replaceFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.framelayout,fragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();


    }
}

下面这段代码是核心代码

增加一个需求：按返回键会返回到上一个Fragment界面，而不是直接回到主界面。

解决方法：添加栈;方法addToBackStack();用法如图：

Activity和Fragment的通信

有三种情况：

1.Activity发消息给Fragment

2.Fragment➡Activity

3.Fragment➡Fragment

首先先学习1.Activity发消息给Fragment

原生方案

1.在Activity里把需要发送给Fragment的消息存在Bundle里

2.在Fragment中获取存在Bundle里的消息并打印

运行点击后

接口方案

Fragment向Activity发送消息

1、创建接口

package com.example.fragmentbase;

public interface IFragmentCallBack {
    void sendMsg2Activity(String msg);
    String getMsg4Fragment(String msg);
}

2、在Fragment中创建接口对象并用方法封装；在点击按钮事件里放入要发送的消息

3、在Activity中调用Fragment封装的方法获取消息（具体用方法Toast.makeText()实现）

注：此处Toast.makeText()的形参不能用this，他代表的是匿名内部类本身，需传入Activity对象的this。

Activity发送消息给Fragment

在原有基础上改动代码即可。

1、由Activity发送的消息存在接口方法中

2、由Fragment的点击事件接收消息

注：此处传入方法的形参BlankFragment.this没有上下文context，需要获取后传入，所以传入BlankFragment.this.getContext().

其他方案：eventBus,LiveData...

他们都包含设计模式：观察者，发布订阅。

Fragment生命周期

Fragment不能独立存在，必须嵌入Activity,所以Fragment生命周期直接受所在的Activity影响。

当Activity创建Fragment时，Fragment处于启动状态，当Activity被暂停时，它所拥有的所有Fragment也被暂停，当Activity被销毁时，所有在该Activity中的Fragment也被销毁。

当一个Activity处于运行状态时，可以单独地对每一个Fragment进行操作，如添加或删除，当添加时，Fragment处于启动状态。当删除时，Fragment处于销毁状态。

DialogFragment

创建DialogFragment的方法

用DialogFragment实现登录退出的弹窗效果

效果图

1、MainActivity

package com.example.myapplication4;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements LoginInputListener{

    private Button btn_login, btn_logout;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        btn_login = findViewById(R.id.button);
        btn_logout = findViewById(R.id.button2);

        btn_logout.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                DialogFragment dialogFragment = new DialogLogoutFragment();
                dialogFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "退出");
            }
        });
        btn_login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                DialogLoginFragment dialogLoginFragment = new DialogLoginFragment();
                dialogLoginFragment.show(getSupportFragmentManager(), "登录");
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onDialogPositiveClick(String username, String password) {
        Toast.makeText(this, username +"你好" + password, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialogFragment) {
        Toast.makeText(this, "取消", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

2、登录弹窗DialogLoginFragment

package com.example.myapplication4;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;

import java.util.Objects;

public class DialogLoginFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private LoginInputListener listener;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.login_dialog, container);
        EditText editName = view.findViewById(R.id.editPersonName);
        EditText editPassword = view.findViewById(R.id.editPassword);
        Button btnLoginDialogcheck = view.findViewById(R.id.btnLoginCheck);
        Button btnLoginDialogcan = view.findViewById(R.id.btnLoginCan);
        btnLoginDialogcan.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                listener.onDialogNegativeClick(DialogLoginFragment.this);
                DialogLoginFragment.this.dismiss();
            }
        });

        btnLoginDialogcheck.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                String username = editName.getText().toString();
                String password = editPassword.getText().toString();
                listener.onDialogPositiveClick(username, password);
                DialogLoginFragment.this.dismiss();
            }
        });
        return view;
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(@NonNull Context context) {
        listener = (LoginInputListener) context;
        super.onAttach(context);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        WindowManager.LayoutParams params = getDialog().getWindow().getAttributes();
        params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT;
        Objects.requireNonNull(getDialog().getWindow());
        super.onStart();
    }
}

3、退出弹窗DialogLogoutFragment

package com.example.myapplication4;

import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.os.Bundle;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;

public class DialogLogoutFragment extends DialogFragment {
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        AlertDialog builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity())
                .setTitle("Logout")
                .setMessage("Are you sure you want to logout?")
                .setPositiveButton("Yes", (dialog, which) -> {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                    getActivity().finish();
                })
                .setNegativeButton("No", (dialog, which) -> {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                })
                .create();
        return builder;
    }
}

4、创建一个接口LoginInputListener.java

package com.example.myapplication4;

import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;

public interface LoginInputListener {
    public  void onDialogPositiveClick(String username, String password);
    public  void onDialogNegativeClick(DialogFragment dialogFragment);

}

5、activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="登录"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.415" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="退出"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.0"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.499" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

6、login_dialog.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:padding="10dp">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:srcCompat="@mipmap/ic_launcher" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editPersonName"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:inputType="textPersonName"
        android:hint="Please input Name" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editPassword"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:inputType="textPassword"
        android:hint="Please input password"/>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnLoginCheck"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="确认"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnLoginCan"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="取消"
            android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>