Bean的循环依赖问题

1. 什么是Bean的循环依赖

A对象中有B属性。B对象中有A属性。这就是循环依赖。我依赖你，你也依赖我。

比如：丈夫类Husband，妻子类Wife。Husband中有Wife的引用。Wife中有Husband的引用。

Husband.java

public class Husband {
    private String name;
    private Wife wife;
}

Wife.java

public class Wife {
    private String name;
    private Husband husband;
}

2. singleton下的set注入产生的循环依赖

我们来编写程序，测试一下在singleton+setter的模式下产生的循环依赖，Spring是否能够解决？

public class Husband {
    private String name;
    private Wife wife;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setWife(Wife wife) {
        this.wife = wife;
    }

    // toString()方法重写时需要注意：不能直接输出wife，输出wife.getName()。要不然会出现递归导致的栈内存溢出错误。
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Husband{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", wife=" + wife.getName() +
                '}';
    }
}

public class Wife {
    private String name;
    private Husband husband;

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setHusband(Husband husband) {
        this.husband = husband;
    }

    // toString()方法重写时需要注意：不能直接输出husband，输出husband.getName()。要不然会出现递归导致的栈内存溢出错误。
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Wife{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", husband=" + husband.getName() +
                '}';
    }
}

 spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="husbandBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Husband" scope="singleton">
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
        <property name="wife" ref="wifeBean"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="wifeBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Wife" scope="singleton">
        <property name="name" value="小花"/>
        <property name="husband" ref="husbandBean"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

测试程序:

public class CircularDependencyTest {

    @Test
    public void testSingletonAndSet(){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
        Husband husbandBean = applicationContext.getBean("husbandBean", Husband.class);
        Wife wifeBean = applicationContext.getBean("wifeBean", Wife.class);
        System.out.println(husbandBean);
        System.out.println(wifeBean);
    }
}

运行结果：

 

通过测试得知：在singleton + set注入的情况下，循环依赖是没有问题的。Spring可以解决这个问题。

3. prototype下的set注入产生的循环依赖

我们再来测试一下：prototype+set注入的方式下，循环依赖会不会出现问题？

spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="husbandBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Husband" scope="prototype">
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
        <property name="wife" ref="wifeBean"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="wifeBean" class="com.powernode.spring6.bean.Wife" scope="prototype">
        <property name="name" value="小花"/>
        <property name="husband" ref="husbandBean"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

 执行测试程序：发生了异常，异常信息如下：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'husbandBean': Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:265)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)

atorg.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:325)

... 44 more

翻译为：创建名为“husbandBean”的bean时出错：请求的bean当前正在创建中：是否存在无法解析的循环引用？

通过测试得知，当循环依赖的所有Bean的scope="prototype"的时候，产生的循环依赖，Spring是无法解决的，会出现BeanCurrentlyInCreationException异常。

大家可以测试一下，以上两个Bean，如果其中一个是singleton，另一个是prototype，是没有问题的。

为什么两个Bean都是prototype时会出错呢？