ubuntu安装MySQL5.7

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-25 10:36:36 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_64010732/article/details/130204601

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文章详细记录了在Ubuntu18.04上安装MySQL5.7的过程，包括下载deb包，解决依赖问题，安装数据库，设置自定义的数据和日志目录，修改AppArmor配置，更新MySQL配置文件以允许远程访问，并创建具有远程登录权限的root用户。最后还涉及了卸载未成功安装的MySQL组件。

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ubuntu安装MySQL5.7

1、下载MySQL

root@es-node1:/data/apps# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
--2023-03-29 15:16:17--  https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
Resolving cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)... 23.3.85.25
Connecting to cdn.mysql.com (cdn.mysql.com)|23.3.85.25|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 160399360 (153M) [application/x-tar]
Saving to: ‘mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar’

mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle 100%[=============================================================================================================>] 152.97M  6.08MB/s    in 25s     

2023-03-29 15:16:44 (6.07 MB/s) - ‘mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar’ saved [160399360/160399360]

2、解压安装至自定义文件夹

root@es-node1:/data/apps# mkdir /data/apps/mysql -p
root@es-node1:/data/apps# tar xf mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb-bundle.tar -C /data/apps/mysql
 ***删除2个测试相关的包
root@es-node1:/data/apps# rm -rf mysql-testsuite_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb mysql-community-test_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb
root@es-node1:/data/apps#
root@es-node1:/data/apps# dpkg -i mysql-*.deb
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client.
(Reading database ... 206192 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: warning: downgrading mysql-common from 5.8+1.0.5ubuntu2 to 5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04
Preparing to unpack mysql-common_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.8+1.0.5ubuntu2) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-client.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-server.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-community-source.
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-source_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-community-source (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.
Preparing to unpack mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Setting up mysql-common (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/conf.d/mysql.cnf ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback ...
Setting up mysql-community-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-community-server:
 mysql-community-server depends on libmecab2; however:
  Package libmecab2 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-community-server (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up mysql-community-source (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of mysql-server:
 mysql-server depends on mysql-community-server (= 5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04); however:
  Package mysql-community-server is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package mysql-server (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up mysql-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.16) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 mysql-community-server
 mysql-server

上述中因为环境依赖问题未成功安装，接下来我们安装环境依赖

root@es-node1:/data/apps# apt install libmecab2 libtinfo5 -y
安装完依赖后我们继续安装MySQL

root@es-node1:/data/apps# dpkg -i mysql-*.deb
(Reading database … 206441 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mysql-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb …
Unpacking mysql-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Preparing to unpack mysql-common_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb …
Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-client_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb …
Unpacking mysql-community-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb …
.
Unpacking mysql-community-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Preparing to unpack mysql-community-source_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb …
Unpacking mysql-community-source (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Preparing to unpack mysql-server_5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb …
Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) over (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Setting up mysql-common (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Setting up mysql-community-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Setting up mysql-community-source (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Setting up mysql-client (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Setting up mysql-community-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Setting up mysql-server (5.7.37-1ubuntu18.04) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) …
Processing triggers for systemd (245.4-4ubuntu3.16) …
root@es-node1:/data/apps#

查看mysql运行状态

root@es-node1:/data/apps# systemctl status mysql.service
● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2023-03-29 15:20:05 CST; 8s ago
Main PID: 8205 (mysqld)
Tasks: 27 (limit: 9156)
Memory: 173.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
└─8205 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Mar 29 15:20:05 es-node1 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server…
Mar 29 15:20:05 es-node1 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.
root@es-node1:/data/apps#
到此为止MySQL安装成功

修改MySQL远程访问地址、日志目录和数据目录

root@es-node1:# mkdir /data/mysql                       （自定义创建mysql数据存储的位置）
root@es-node1:# mkdir /data/logs/mysql                  （自定义创建mysql存储日志的位置）
root@es-node1:# cd /data/mysql
root@es-node1:# cp -rf /var/lib/mysql/* ./              （备份原有的MySQL默认的数据文档存储目录）
root@es-node1:# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/             （修改上面创建的mysql目录的属性）
root@es-node1:/data# cd /data/logs
root@es-node1:/data/logs# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql/

修改服务目录属性

修改文件的50、51和62、63行
root@es-node1:/data# vim /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
原有内容：
 50   /var/lib/mysql/ r,
 51   /var/lib/mysql/** rwk,
 
 54   /var/lib/mysql-files/ r,
 55   /var/lib/mysql-files/** rwk,
 修改后内容：
 50   /data/mysql/ r,
 51   /data/mysql/** rwk,

 62   /data/logs/mysql/ r,
 63   /data/logs/mysql/** rw,
root@es-node1:/data# vim /etc/apparmor.d/abstractions/mysql
原有内容：       /var/lib/mysql{,d}/mysql{,d}.sock rw,
修改后内容：     /data/mysql{,d}/mysql{,d}.sock rw,
root@es-node1:/data/mysql# systemctl restart apparmor.service

修改MySQL配置文件

root@es-node1:/data/mysql# vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
原有内容：
[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
log-error       = /var/lib/log/mysql/error.log
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
bind-address    = 127.0.0.1
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
修改后内容：
[mysqld]
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
datadir         = /data/mysql
log-error       = /data/logs/mysql/error.log
# By default we only accept connections from localhost
bind-address    = 0.0.0.0
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0         #跳过密码登录到数据库

root@es-node1:/data/mysql# systemctl restart mysql

新增root管理员用户并开放远程登录权限和密码

root@es-node1:/data/apps# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 
mysql> create user root@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by "填写自己的密码";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
mysql> 
mysql> exit

卸载未安装成功的mysql

1、首先我们查看一下mysql的依赖项

dpkg --list | grep mysql

以上输入会有以下代码的输出：

ii libmysqlclient-dev 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 MySQL database development files
ii libmysqlclient20:amd64 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 MySQL database client library
ii mysql-client-5.7 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 MySQL database client binaries
ii mysql-client-core-5.7 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 MySQL database core client binaries
ii mysql-common 5.8+1.0.4 all MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf
ii mysql-server-5.7 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 MySQL database server binaries and system database setup
ii mysql-server-core-5.7 5.7.34-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 amd64 MySQL database server binaries