学生成绩管理系统——C++课程设计（完整代码）

课程设计名称：C高级语言程序设计课程设计

课程设计题目：学生成绩管理系统的设计与实现

 

一、问题描述

        针对学生成绩管理，应用C语言程序设计的基本理论和方法，从对问题的分析研究开始，到编程调试结束的整个过程进行分析和设计，学生成绩信息至少包括：学号，姓名，若干门课程成绩（至少三门）。

二、基本要求

         主要功能：

                ⑴ 能对学生成绩进行录入和删除；

                ⑵ 能浏览所有学生的成绩；

              ⑶ 能按学号或姓名查询某学生成绩信息；

                ⑷ 统计与排序：根据成绩排序；统计某一分数段的学生人数。

                ⑸ 结果格式化显示。

        要求：使用文件方式存储数据，系统以菜单方式工作，模块化设计。 

三、测试要求 

           （1）设计的程序能够方便地运行，达到设计的目的；

           （2）每个模块都要用不少于20条的实际数据加以测试，并给出测试结果；

           （3）用户界面友好，功能明确，操作方便。

四、 完整代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<fstream>
#define MAX 1000  //定义学生数组最大容量
using namespace std;

//设计学生信息结构体
struct person
{
	long num;//学号
    string name;//姓名
    int sex;//性别
    int age;//年龄
	int math;//数学
	int chinese;//语文
	int english;//英语
	int number;//总分
};

//学生成绩管理系统
struct personbook 
{
    person parry[MAX];//学生数组最大容量
    int M_size;//当前容量
};

//1、菜单界面
void showmenu() 
{
	cout << "*************************" << endl;
    cout << "*****1、 学生成绩录入 *****" << endl; 
    cout << "*****2、 浏览学生成绩 *****" << endl; 
    cout << "*****3、 删除学生成绩 *****" << endl; 
    cout << "*****4、 查找学生信息 *****" << endl; 
    cout << "*****5、 统计学生信息 *****" << endl; 
    cout << "*****6、 学生信息排序 *****" << endl; 
	cout << "*****7、 清空学生信息 *****" << endl;
	cout << "*****0、 退出管理系统 *****" << endl;
    cout << "*************************" << endl;
	cout <<endl;
	cout << "*****请输入菜单序号******"<<endl;
}

//添加学生信息
void addperson(personbook * abs) 
{
	person parry[MAX];

	ofstream outfile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::app);//创建或打开文件，以输出方式打开文件
	if(!outfile)
	{
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}

    //判断学生成绩管理系统是否已经满了
    if (abs->M_size == MAX)
	{
        cout << "学生成绩管理系统已满，无法添加！" << endl;
        return;
    }
    else 
	{
		//添加学生学号
		//long num;
		cout<<"请输入学号："<<endl;
		cin >> parry[abs->M_size].num;
        abs->parry[abs->M_size].num;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].num<<'\t';
        //添加学生姓名
        //string name;
        cout << "请输入姓名：" << endl;
        cin >> parry[abs->M_size].name;
        abs->parry[abs->M_size].name;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].name<<'\t';
        //性别
        //int sex;
        cout << "请输入性别：" << endl;
        cout << "1--男" << endl;
        cout << "2--女" << endl;
        while (true) 
		{
        cin >> parry[abs->M_size].sex;
        if (parry[abs->M_size].sex == 1 || parry[abs->M_size].sex == 2) 
		{
            abs->parry[abs->M_size].sex;
			outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].sex<<'\t';
            break;
        }
        else
		{
            cout << "无效输入，请重新输入" << endl;
        }
        }
       //输入年龄
        //int age;
        cout << "请输入年龄：" << endl;
        cin >>parry[abs->M_size].age;
        abs->parry[abs->M_size].age;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].age<<'\t';
		//输入数学成绩
		//int math;
		cout<<"请输入数学"<<endl;
		cin>> parry[abs->M_size].math; 
		abs->parry[abs->M_size].math;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].math<<'\t';
        //输入语文成绩
        //int chinese;
        cout << "请输入语文：" << endl;
        cin >> parry[abs->M_size].chinese;
        abs->parry[abs->M_size].chinese;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].chinese<<'\t';
        //输入英语成绩
        //int english;
        cout << "请输入英语：" << endl;
        cin >> parry[abs->M_size].english;
        abs->parry[abs->M_size].english;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].english<<'\t';
		//总分
        //int number;
        /*cout << "请输入英语/：" << endl;*/
        parry[abs->M_size].number=parry[abs->M_size].math + parry[abs->M_size].chinese + parry[abs->M_size].english;
        abs->parry[abs->M_size].number;
		outfile<<parry[abs->M_size].number<<'\n';
        abs->M_size++;
        cout << "添加成功！" << endl;
		
		system("pause");
        system("cls");//清屏
    }
	outfile.close();//关闭文件
}

//显示学生成绩信息
void showperson(personbook * abs)
{
	person parry[MAX];

	ifstream infile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::in||ios::out);//创建或打开文件,以输入方式打开文件
	if(!infile)
	{  
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	//system("pause");
    system("cls");

    if (abs->M_size == 0)  //判断学生成绩管理系统中人数是否为0，如果为0，提示记录为空;如果不为0，显示记录的学生信息信息
	{
        cout << "还未添加学生信息" << endl;
		system("pause");
        system("cls");
    }
    else 
	{
        for (int i = 0; i < abs->M_size; ++i) 
		{
			infile>>parry[i].num>>parry[i].name>>parry[i].sex>>parry[i].age>>parry[i].math>>parry[i].chinese>>parry[i].english>>parry[i].number;

			cout << "学号：" << parry[i].num << "\t";
            cout << "姓名：" << parry[i].name << "\t";
            cout << "性别：" << (parry[i].sex==1?"男":"女") << "\t";//三步运算符
            cout << "年龄：" << parry[i].age << "\t";
			cout<<  "数学: " << parry[i].math<<"\t";
            cout << "语文：" << parry[i].chinese << "\t";
            cout << "英语：" << parry[i].english << "\t";
			cout << "总分：" << parry[i].number << endl;
        }
    }
	infile.close();//关闭文件
	system("pause");
    system("cls");
}

//查找学生成绩实现步骤
int isexist(personbook * abs,string name) 
{
	person parry[MAX];

	ifstream infile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::in||ios::out);//创建或打开文件,以输入方式打开文件
	if(!infile)
	{  
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}

    for (int i=0; i < MAX; ++i)
	{
		infile>>abs->parry[i].name;
        if (name == abs-> parry[i].name)
		{
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;//如果没查到就返回-1  
	infile.close();//关闭文件
}

//删除学生信息
void deleteperson(personbook * abs)
{

    cout << "请输入您要删除的学生信息" << endl;
    string name;
    cin >> name;
    int ret = isexist(abs,name);
    if (ret == -1) 
	{
        cout << "查无此人" << endl;
    }
    else
	{
        for (int i = ret; i < abs->M_size; ++i) 
		{
            abs->parry[i] = abs->parry[i + 1];//数据前移
        }
        abs->M_size--;
        cout << "删除成功" << endl;
    }
	system("pause");
    system("cls");
}

//查找学生信息信息
void findperson( personbook * abs) 
{
	person parry[MAX];

	ifstream infile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::in||ios::out);//创建或打开文件,以输入方式打开文件
	if(!infile)
	{  
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}
    cout << "请输入您要查找的人：" << endl;
    string name;
    cin >> name;
    int ret = isexist(abs,name);
    if (ret != -1) 
	{
		infile>>abs->parry[ret].num>>abs->parry[ret].name>>abs->parry[ret].sex>>abs->parry[ret].age>>abs->parry[ret].math>>abs->parry[ret].english>>abs->parry[ret].english>>abs->parry[ret].number;

		cout << "学号：" << abs->parry[ret].num << "\t";
        cout << "姓名：" << abs->parry[ret].name << "\t";
        cout << "性别：" << (abs->parry[ret].sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";//三步运算符
        cout << "年龄：" << abs->parry[ret].age << "\t";
		cout<<  "数学: " << abs->parry[ret].math<<"\t";
        cout << "语文：" << abs->parry[ret].chinese << "\t";
        cout << "英语：" << abs->parry[ret].english << "\t";
		cout << "总分：" << abs->parry[ret].number << endl;
    }
    else 
	{
        cout << "查无此人" << endl;
    }
	system("pause");
    system("cls");
	infile.close();//关闭文件
}
 

//统计某分数段的所有学生数量
void statistics(personbook* abs)
{
	person parry[MAX];

	ifstream infile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::in||ios::out);//创建或打开文件,以输入方式打开文件
	if(!infile)
	{  
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	cout<<"根据总分进行统计，请输入你要统计的分数段"<<endl;
	int num_min;
	int num_max;
	int x=0;//统计数量
	cout<<"请输入最低分数：";
	cin>>num_min;
	cout<<"请输入最高分数：";
	cin>>num_max;
	for (int i=0; i < MAX; ++i)
	{
		infile>>abs->parry[i].num>>abs->parry[i].name>>abs->parry[i].sex>>abs->parry[i].age>>abs->parry[i].math>>abs->parry[i].chinese>>abs->parry[i].english>>abs->parry[i].number;
        if (num_min < abs->parry[i].number && num_max >= abs->parry[i].number)
		{
			x++;
			cout<<x<<"  ";
			cout << "学号：" << abs->parry[i].num << "\t";
            cout << "姓名：" << abs->parry[i].name << "\t";
   		    cout << "性别：" << (abs->parry[i].sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";//三步运算符,水平制表
		    cout << "年龄：" << abs->parry[i].age << "\t";
			cout<<  "数学: " <<abs->parry[i].math<<"\t";
			cout << "语文：" << abs->parry[i].chinese << "\t";
			cout << "英语：" << abs->parry[i].english << "\t";
			cout << "总分：" << abs->parry[i].number << endl; 
        }
    }
	cout<<endl;
	cout<<"该分数段共有  "<<x<<"人"<<endl;
	system("pause");
    system("cls");
	infile.close();//关闭文件
}

//学生信息排序
//按照总成绩从高到低排序
void sortPerson(personbook * abs)
{
	person parry[MAX];
	int zongfeng[MAX];
	int num;

	ifstream infile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::in||ios::out);//创建或打开文件,以输入方式打开文件
	if(!infile)
	{  
		cerr<<"open error!"<<endl;
		exit(1);
	}

	for (int i=0; i < abs->M_size; ++i)
	{
		infile>>abs->parry[i].num>>abs->parry[i].name>>abs->parry[i].sex>>abs->parry[i].age>>abs->parry[i].math>>abs->parry[i].chinese>>abs->parry[i].english>>abs->parry[i].number;

		zongfeng[i]=abs->parry[i].number;
	}

	//冒泡排序
	for(int m=0;m<abs->M_size-1;++m)
		for(int n=0;n<abs->M_size-m;++n)
		{
			if(zongfeng[n]<zongfeng[n+1])
			{
				num = zongfeng[n];
				zongfeng[n] = zongfeng[n+1];
				zongfeng[n+1]=num;
			}
		}
	for (int j=0; j < abs->M_size; ++j)
	for (int i=0; i < abs->M_size; ++i)
	{
		infile>>abs->parry[i].num>>abs->parry[i].name>>abs->parry[i].sex>>abs->parry[i].age>>abs->parry[i].math>>abs->parry[i].chinese>>abs->parry[i].english>>abs->parry[i].number;
		if(zongfeng[j]==abs->parry[i].number)
		{
			cout << "学号：" << abs->parry[i].num << "\t";
			cout << "姓名：" << abs->parry[i].name << "\t";
   			cout << "性别：" << (abs->parry[i].sex == 1 ? "男" : "女") << "\t";//三步运算符,水平制表
			cout << "年龄：" << abs->parry[i].age << "\t";
			cout<<  "数学: " <<abs->parry[i].math<<"\t";
			cout << "语文：" << abs->parry[i].chinese << "\t";
			cout << "英语：" << abs->parry[i].english << "\t";
			cout << "总分：" << abs->parry[i].number << endl; 
	
		}
	}
	infile.close();//关闭文件
	system("pause");
    system("cls");
	
}

//清空学生信息
void cleanPerson(personbook * abs)
{
	while(true)
	{
        cout << "如果确定清空学生信息" << endl;
        cout << "1--是" << endl;
        cout << "2--否" << endl;
        int flag;
        cin >> flag;
        if (flag == 1)
		{
        abs->M_size = 0;
		ofstream outfile("学生成绩管理系统.dat",ios::out);//创建或打开文件，以输出方式打开文件
		outfile.close();//关闭文件
        cout << "学生信息已清空" << endl;
        break;
        }
        else if(flag == 2) 
		{
            break;
        }
        else
		{
            cout << "无效输入，请重新输入" << endl;
            break;   
        }
    }
	system("pause");
    system("cls");
}

//主函数
int main()
{
	personbook abs;//初始化学生成绩管理系统
    abs.M_size = 0;

	int select = 0;
    while (true)//无限循环
	{
		showmenu();
		cin >> select;
		system("cls");
		
		switch (select) 
	{
    case 1:
        addperson(&abs);
        break;
	case 2:
		showperson(&abs);
		break;
	case 3:
        deleteperson(&abs);
        break;
	case 4:
        findperson(&abs);
        break;
	case 5:
		statistics(&abs);
		break;
	case 6:
		sortPerson(&abs);
		break;
	case 7:
		cleanPerson(&abs);
		break;
	case 0:
        cout << "欢迎下次使用" << endl;
        return 0;
        break;
	}
	}
	return 0;
}