mysql基础

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 16:04:37 发布

碳烤小卤蛋

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 16:04:37 发布

阅读量75

点赞数

文章标签： mysql 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_64989514/article/details/133555044

版权

mysql基础

1. 关系型数据库介绍

1.1 数据结构模型

数据结构模型主要有：

层次模型
网状结构
关系模型

关系模型：
二维关系：row，column

数据库管理系统：DBMS
关系：Relational，RDBMS

1.2 RDBMS专业名词

常见的关系型数据库管理系统：

MySQL：MySQL，MariaDB，Percona-Server
PostgreSQL：简称为pgsql
Oracle
MSSQL

**SQL：**Structure Query Language，结构化查询语言

**约束：**constraint，向数据表提供的数据要遵守的限制

主键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。且必须提供数据，不能为空（NOT NULL）。
- 一个表只能存在一个
惟一键约束：一个或多个字段的组合，填入的数据必须能在本表中唯一标识本行。允许为空（NULL）
- 一个表可以存在多个
外键约束：一个表中的某字段可填入数据取决于另一个表的主键已有的数据
检查性约束

**索引：**将表中的一个或多个字段中的数据复制一份另存，并且这些数据需要按特定次序排序存储

1.3 关系型数据库的常见组件

关系型数据库的常见组件有：

数据库：database
表：table，由行（row）和列（column）组成
索引：index
视图：view
用户：user
权限：privilege
存储过程：procedure
存储函数：function
触发器：trigger
事件调度器：event scheduler

1.4 SQL语句

SQL语句有三种类型：

DDL：Data Defination Language，数据定义语言
DML：Data Manipulation Language，数据操纵语言
DCL：Data Control Language，数据控制语言

SQL语句类型	对应操作
DDL	CREATE：创建 DROP：删除 ALTER：修改
DML	INSERT：向表中插入数据 DELETE：删除表中数据 UPDATE：更新表中数据 SELECT：查询表中数据
DCL	GRANT：授权 REVOKE：移除授权

2. mysql安装与配置

2.1 mysql安装

mysql安装方式有三种：

源代码：编译安装
二进制格式的程序包：展开至特定路径，并经过简单配置后即可使用
程序包管理器管理的程序包：
- rpm：有两种
  - OS Vendor：操作系统发行商提供的
  - 项目官方提供的
- deb

由于sysql8.0以上的版本是要收费的所以我们要去官网安装我们需要的软件包

网站：Index of /232905/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64

需要下载的五个软件包：

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-devel-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

用yum安装mysql：

#下载mysql5.7的软件包
[root@mysql ~]# wget http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-server-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-common-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-client-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql-community-devel-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

#下载成功
[root@mysql ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
mysql-community-client-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

#下载好了安装
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y localinstall *.rpm

2.2mysql配置

#安装好的mysql是没有设置开机自启的
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld   #开启mysql服务并开机自启
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled>
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-08-29 15:03:48 CST; 10m>
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
 Main PID: 13199 (mysqld)
    Tasks: 27 (limit: 11301)
   Memory: 284.3M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─13199 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/ru>

Aug 29 15:03:45 mysql systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Aug 29 15:03:48 mysql systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

查看3306端口是否已经存在

[root@mysql ~]# ss -antl
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*     
LISTEN  0       80                   *:3306                *:*     
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*     
[root@mysql ~]#

查看mqspl的临时密码，并重新设置密码：

[root@mysql ~]# grep password /var/log/mysqld.log 
2023-08-29T07:03:46.563007Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (8C<-ols+F.f

进入mysql里面设置密码：

[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p'(8C<-ols+F.f'    #进入mqsql设置密码
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.43

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>   #登录成功 

#取消密码复杂的的设置并设置密码为123456
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

#删除mysql57-community-release这个软件包避免他自动升级mysql的包
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-devel-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
mysql-community-common-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -e mysql57-community-release 
[root@mysql ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-libs-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-devel-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.7.43-1.el7.x86_64

3. mysql的程序组成

客户端
- mysql：CLI交互式客户端程序
- mysql_secure_installation：安全初始化，强烈建议安装完以后执行此命令
- mysqldump：mysql备份工具
- mysqladmin
服务器端
- mysqld

#mysql初始化
[root@mysql ~]# mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Enter password for user root:  #在这里虽然自己设置的密码或者临时密码
The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server.
The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration
of the plugin.
Using existing password for root.

Estimated strength of the password: 50 
Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n #这里是否修改root的密码我选择no

 ... skipping.
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
a user account created for them. This is intended only for
testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
You should remove them before moving into a production
environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success.	是否删除匿名用户


Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n
	#是否禁止root用户远程登录
 ... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
and should be removed before moving into a production
environment.


Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y	#是否删除测试数据库访问它？
 - Dropping test database...
Success.

 - Removing privileges on test database...
Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y
Success. 	#是否选择重新加载权限表吗

All done! 
[root@mysql ~]#

3.1 mysql工具使用

//语法：mysql [OPTIONS] [database]
//常用的OPTIONS：
    -uUSERNAME      //指定用户名，默认为root
    -hHOST          //指定服务器主机，默认为localhost，推荐使用ip地址
    -pPASSWORD      //指定用户的密码
    -P#             //指定数据库监听的端口，这里的#需用实际的端口号代替，如-P3307
    -V              //查看当前使用的mysql版本
    -e          //不登录mysql执行sql语句后退出，常用于脚本
 
#演示不登录查看数据库
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e'show databases'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+

#演示查看版本
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -V
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.43, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
查看mysql的本版
#-h演示：登录到mysql的服务端，登录前必须在客户端下载好mariadb和关闭防火墙，且在服务端的mysql里给需要登录的客户端进行复权，才可以登录：
#服务端：
[root@mysql ~]# ss -antl	#查看端口
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port   
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*      
LISTEN   0        80                     *:3306                *:*      
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*      
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456	#登录到MySQL
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant all on *.* to 'dxw'@'192.168.227.133' identified by '123456';
#对客户机进行授权允许dxw这个用户用123456的密码登录
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

#授权后我们要在服务端在刷星权限
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#客户端：
[root@kh2 ~]# yum -y install mariadb  	#安装mariadb
[root@kh2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld	#关闭防火墙
[root@kh2 ~]# mysql -udxw -p123456 -h192.168.227.134
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 5.7.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]> 	#登录成功

4. mysql数据库操作

4.1 DDL操作

4.1.1 数据库操作

#数据库的创建和删除和查看
1.创建数据库
//语法：CREATE DATABASE [IF NOT EXISTS] 'DB_NAME';
//创建数据库sjk
mysql> create database if not exists sjk;	#创建一个名为sjk的数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)		#if not exists 如果不存在就创建可以不加
mysql> show databases;		#查看sjk数据库是否创建成功
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sjk                |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//删除数据库
//语法：DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] 'DB_NAME';
//删除数据库sjk
mysql> DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS sjk;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#删除成功！！！

4.1.2 表操作

//创建表
//语法：CREATE TABLE table_name (col1 datatype 修饰符,col2 datatype 修饰符) ENGINE='存储引擎类型';
//在数据库sjk里创建表yuangong
mysql> create database sjk;		#创建sjk的数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;		#查看是否创建成功
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sjk                |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use sjk;		#进入到sjk的数据库里面,
Database changed
mysql> create table yuangong(id int not null,name varchar(20),age tinyint);
#创建一个名为yuangong的表
int #写入的数据必须是整数
not null #这个这段不能为空
varchar(20) #字母最大20个
tinyint	#无符号值最大127

#创建一个名为student的表
mysql> CREATE TABLE student(id int not null,name varchar(20),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

#创建一个名为student1的表，并且就是主键primary key,意思就是id值不能一样。
mysql> CREATE TABLE student1(id int not null primary key,name varchar(20),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

#创建一个名为student10的表，并且就是主键primary key，且id自动增长auto_increment
mysql> CREATE TABLE student10(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)


//查看当前数据库有哪些表
mysql> show tables;		
+---------------+
| Tables_in_sjk |
+---------------+
| yuangong      |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


#查看表的结构
mysql> desc sjk.yuangong;		
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)

//删除表
//语法：DROP TABLE [ IF EXISTS ] 'table_name';
//删除表yuangong
mysql> drop table yuangong;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

#查看表是否删除
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

4.1.3 用户操作

mysql用户帐号由两部分组成，如’USERNAME’@‘HOST’，表示此USERNAME只能从此HOST上远程登录

这里（‘USERNAME’@‘HOST’）的HOST用于限制此用户可通过哪些主机远程连接mysql程序，其值可为：

IP地址，如：172.16.12.129
通配符
- %：匹配任意长度的任意字符，常用于设置允许从任何主机登录
- _：匹配任意单个字符

#对所以227网段的所以主机都进行授权，并创建一个dxw的用户并设置密码为123456
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'dxw'@'192.168.227.%' identified by '123456'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)		

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

#查看是否对277的所有网段都授权成功
MySQL [(none)]> show grants for dxw@'192.168.227.%';
+------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for dxw@192.168.227.%                         |
+------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'dxw'@'192.168.227.%' |
+------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

#[root@kh2 ~]# mysql -udxw -p123456 -h192.168.227.134
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.7.43 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MySQL [(none)]>  #还是可以登录成功，但是一定要把之前的授权取消掉

4.1.4 查看命令SHOW

4.1.4 查看命令SHOW
mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;      //查看支持的所有字符集
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European               | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European               | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European                | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian           | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European            | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 | 
......
......



mysql> SHOW ENGINES;        //查看当前数据库支持的所有存储引擎
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| Engine             | Support | Comment
                 | Transactions | XA   | Savepoints |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
| InnoDB             | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and
foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
| MRG_MYISAM         | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables
                 | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MEMORY             | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| BLACKHOLE          | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| MyISAM             | YES     | MyISAM storage engine                                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| CSV                | YES     | CSV storage engine                                            | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| ARCHIVE            | YES     | Archive storage engine                                        | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES     | Performance Schema                                            | NO           | NO   | NO         |
| FEDERATED          | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
+--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> SHOW DATABASES;          //查看数据库信息
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| wangqingge         |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM wangqingge;         //不进入某数据库而列出其包含的所有表
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_wangqingge |
+----------------------+
| wangqing             |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)



//查看表结构
//语法：DESC [db_name.]table_name;
mysql> DESC wangqingge.wangqing;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.03 sec)





//查看某表的创建命令
//语法：SHOW CREATE TABLE table_name;
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE wangqingge.wangqing;
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table    | Create Table                                                                                                                                              |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| wangqing | CREATE TABLE `wangqing` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `age` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

//查看某数据库的创建命令
mysql> show create database sjk; 
+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Database | Create Database                                                |
+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| sjk      | CREATE DATABASE `sjk` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |
+----------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)




//查看某表的状态
//语法：SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'table_name'\G
mysql> use wangqingge;      //进入数据库wangqingge
Database changed
mysql> SHOW TABLE STATUS LIKE 'wangqing'\G      //查看wangqing表的状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: wangqing
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2018-08-13 00:53:21
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options:
        Comment:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#查看前面是student所有表的表状态
mysql> show tables;
+---------------+
| Tables_in_sjk |
+---------------+
| student       |
| student1      |
| student10     |
| yuangong      |
+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show table status like 'student%'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
           Name: student
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2023-08-31 15:01:11
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
*************************** 2. row ***************************
           Name: student1
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: NULL
    Create_time: 2023-08-31 15:02:51
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
*************************** 3. row ***************************
           Name: student10
         Engine: InnoDB
        Version: 10
     Row_format: Dynamic
           Rows: 0
 Avg_row_length: 0
    Data_length: 16384
Max_data_length: 0
   Index_length: 0
      Data_free: 0
 Auto_increment: 1
    Create_time: 2023-08-31 15:03:24
    Update_time: NULL
     Check_time: NULL
      Collation: latin1_swedish_ci
       Checksum: NULL
 Create_options: 
        Comment: 
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看和杀死进程：

#查看当前正在运行的进程
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State    | Info             |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| 14 | root | localhost | NULL | Sleep   |   64 |          | NULL             |
| 15 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#杀死进行
语法： kill 【加进程ip】
mysql> kill 14;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
成功杀死
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host      | db   | Command | Time | State    | Info             |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| 16 | root | localhost | NULL | Query   |    0 | starting | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


#给数据库添加一个带读锁的表，意思就是只让它读不让它写
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#添加成功无法参加表，退出在重新加入就解除了
mysql> create database jjyy;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'databse test' at line 1

4.1.5 获取帮助

//获取命令使用帮助
//语法：HELP keyword;
mysql> HELP CREATE TABLE;       //获取创建表的帮助
Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]
    [IGNORE | REPLACE]
    [AS] query_expression
 ......
 ......
 
#查看怎么创建表
mysql> help create table;
Name: 'CREATE TABLE'
Description:
Syntax:
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]

CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    [(create_definition,...)]
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]
    [IGNORE | REPLACE]
    [AS] query_expression
 ......
 ......
 
CREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name
    (create_definition,...)
    [table_options]
    [partition_options]
 大写的是固定死的，小写的是可以自己写的就是表名
 []里面的是可选项
 [TEMPORARY] #创建临时表
 [IF NOT EXISTS] #如果不存在就创建
 (create_definition,...) #是代词，去下面找更多写法
 column_definition: {
    data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]
      [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY]] [[PRIMARY] KEY]
      [COMMENT 'string']
      [COLLATE collation_name]
      [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED | DYNAMIC | DEFAULT}]
      [STORAGE {DISK | MEMORY}]
      [reference_definition]

4.2 DML操作

DML操作包括增(INSERT)、删(DELETE)、改(UPDATE)、查(SELECT)，均属针对表的操作。

4.2.1 INSERT语句

//DML操作之增操作insert
//语法：INSERT [INTO] table_name [(column_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE} (value1,...),(...),...

mysql> use wangqingge;
Database changed
mysql> INSERT INTO wangqing (id,name,age) VALUE (1,'tom',20);       //一次插入一条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)


mysql> INSERT INTO wangqing (id,name,age) VALUES (2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),(5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20),(7,'lisi',NULL);     //一次插入多条记录
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

#对values这个表,进行数据写入
mysql> insert student values(1,'tom',80),(2,'jerr',18),(1,'zhangsan)',20),(4,'ftx',20),(1,'dxw',19);
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

#查看刚刚写入的数据，写入成功
mysql> select * from student;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   80 |
|  2 | jerr     |   18 |
|  1 | zhangsan |   20 |
|  4 | ftx      |   20 |
|  1 | dxw      |   19 |
+----+----------+------+
5 rows in set (0.04 sec)

#对指定student1这个表的id和age的这段进行写入：
mysql> insert student1(id,age) values(7,20),(8,20);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 2  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | dtx      |   20 |
|  2 | dxw      |   20 |
|  3 | zhnagsan |   20 |
|  4 | lishi    |   18 |
|  7 | NULL     |   20 |
|  8 | NULL     |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#id自动写入和关键字
mysql> desc student10;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
auto_increment #自动写入
PRI #id不能一样

#自动插入id
mysql> insert student10(name,age) values('tom',20),('jerry',23),('z(hangsan',25),('lisi',25);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student10;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | tom      |   20 |
|  2 | jerry    |   23 |
|  3 | zhangsan |   25 |
|  4 | lisi     |   25 |
+----+----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
输入成功！

4.2.2 SELECT语句

字段column表示法

表示符	代表什么？
*	所有字段
as	字段别名，如col1 AS alias1 当表名很长时用别名代替

#别名的演示和使用
mysql> select * from student1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | dtx      |   20 |
|  2 | NULL     |   20 |
|  3 | zhnagsan |   20 |
|  4 | lishi    |   18 |
|  7 | jjyy     |   20 |
|  8 | NULL     |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#把name替换为姓名
mysql> select name as '姓名' from student1; 
+----------+
| 姓名     |
+----------+
| dtx      |
| NULL     |
| zhnagsan |
| lishi    |
| jjyy     |
| NULL     |
+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

条件判断语句WHERE**

操作类型	常用操作符
操作符	>，<，>=，<=，=，!= BETWEEN column# AND column# LIKE：模糊匹配 RLIKE：基于正则表达式进行模式匹配 IS NOT NULL：非空 IS NULL：空
条件逻辑操作	AND OR NOT

ORDER BY：排序，默认为升序（ASC）

ORDER BY语句	意义
ORDER BY ‘column_name’	根据column_name进行升序排序
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ DESC	根据column_name进行降序排序
ORDER BY ’column_name’ LIMIT 2	根据column_name进行升序排序并只取前2个结果
ORDER BY ‘column_name’ LIMIT 1,2	根据column_name进行升序排序并且略过第1个结果取后面的2个结果

//DML操作之查操作select
//语法：SELECT column1,column2,... FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> use wangqingge;
Database changed
#显示wangqing这个表的所有字段
mysql> select * from wangqing;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#只显示wangqing这个表的name字段
mysql> SELECT name FROM wangqing;
+-----------+
| name      |
+-----------+
| tom       |
| jerry     |
| wangqing  |
| sean      |
| zhangshan |
| zhangshan |
| lisi      |
+-----------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

语法：ORDER BY ‘column_name'	根据column_name进行升序排序
#对age字段里的数字进行升序排序：
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing ORDER BY age;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

语法：ORDER BY 'column_name' DESC	根据column_name进行降序排序
#对age字段里的数字进行降序排序：
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing ORDER BY age DESC;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#对age字段进行升序排序并且，只取前两名
语法：ORDER BY ’column_name' LIMIT 2	根据column_name进行升序排序并只取前2个结果
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing ORDER BY age limit 2;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi | NULL |
|  1 | tom  |   20 |
+----+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#对age字段进行升序排序并且，跳过第一名，取出后两名：
语法：ORDER BY ‘column_name' LIMIT 1,2	根据column_name进行升序排序并且略过第1个结果取后面的2个结果
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing ORDER BY age limit 1,2;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#取出age字段中大于且等于25的值：
语法：ELECT * FROM [表名] where [字段名] [条件]
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing WHERE age >= 25;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# and 两个条件都要满足
# or  两个条件满足一个就行
# 取出年龄大于等于25岁且name等于'zhangshan'值
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing WHERE age >= 25 AND name = 'zhangshan';
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#取出年龄23到28之间的值：
between //之间
mysql> SELECT * FROM wangqing WHERE age BETWEEN 23 and 28;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
+----+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# is not null //不为空的值
#取出年龄不为空的值：
mysql> select * from wangqing where age is not null;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

# is null //为空
#取出年龄为空的值：
mysql> select * from wangqing where age is null;
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi | NULL |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select * from student1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | dtx      |   20 |
|  2 | NULL     |   20 |
|  3 | zhnagsan |   20 |
|  4 | lishi    |   18 |
|  7 | jjyy     |   20 |
|  8 | NULL     |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)

#取出年龄等于20的人数：
mysql> select count(1) from student1 where age = 20;
+----------+
| count(1) |
+----------+
|        5 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#取出年龄等于20的人数，且把前面的值替换为人数两个字：
mysql> select count(*) as '人数' from student1 where age = 20;
+--------+
| 人数   |
+--------+
|      5 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

LIKE：模糊匹配
#取出年龄开头为1的值：
mysql> select * from student1 where age like '1%';
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  4 | lishi |   18 |
+----+-------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.2.3 update语句

//DML操作之改操作update
//语法：UPDATE table_name SET column1 = new_value1[,column2 = new_value2,...] [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from wangqing;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> update wangqing set age = 30 where name = 'lisi';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from wangqing where name = 'lisi';
+----+------+------+
| id | name | age  |
+----+------+------+
|  7 | lisi |   30 |
+----+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#修改第7排name的内容为jjyy
mysql> select * from student1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | dtx      |   20 |
|  2 | dxw      |   20 |
|  3 | zhnagsan |   20 |
|  4 | lishi    |   18 |
|  7 | NULL     |   20 |
|  8 | NULL     |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

         修改   要更新的表名    更新的字段     怎么定位
mysql> update student1 set name = 'jjyy' where id = 7;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select * from student1;
+----+----------+------+
| id | name     | age  |
+----+----------+------+
|  1 | dtx      |   20 |
|  2 | dxw      |   20 |
|  3 | zhnagsan |   20 |
|  4 | lishi    |   18 |
|  7 | jjyy     |   20 |
|  8 | NULL     |   20 |
+----+----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#修改成功！！！

4.2.4 delete语句

//DML操作之删操作delete
//语法：DELETE FROM table_name [WHERE clause] [ORDER BY 'column_name' [DESC]] [LIMIT [m,]n];

mysql> select * from wangqing;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      |   30 |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> delete from wangqing where id = 7;       //删除某条记录
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from wangqing;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> delete from wangqing;        //删除整张表的内容
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from wangqing;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc wangqing;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.2.5 truncate语句

truncate与delete的区别：

语句类型	特点
delete	DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表结构 DELETE语句每次删除一行，并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据非常占用空间
truncate	删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据不能用于加入了索引视图的表

语句类型

特点

delete

DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表结构 DELETE语句每次删除一行，并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据非常占用空间

truncate

删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据不能用于加入了索引视图的表

//语法：TRUNCATE table_name;

mysql> select * from wangqing;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | wangqing  |   25 |
|  4 | sean      |   28 |
|  5 | zhangshan |   26 |
|  6 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  7 | lisi      | NULL |
+----+-----------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> truncate wangqing;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from wangqing;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc wangqing;
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.3 DCL操作

4.3.1 创建授权grant

权限类型(priv_type)

权限类型	代表什么？
ALL	所有权限
SELECT	读取内容的权限
INSERT	插入内容的权限
UPDATE	更新内容的权限
DELETE	删除内容的权限

指定要操作的对象db_name.table_name

表示方式	意义
.	所有库的所有表
db_name	指定库的所有表
db_name.table_name	指定库的指定表

WITH GRANT OPTION：被授权的用户可将自己的权限副本转赠给其他用户，说白点就是将自己的权限完全复制给另一个用户。不建议使用。

GRANT priv_type,... ON [object_type] db_name.table_name TO ‘username'@'host' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'] [WITH GRANT OPTION];

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| wangqingge         |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//授权wangqing用户在数据库本机上登录访问所有数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'wangqing'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'wangqing123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'wangqing'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'wangqing123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//授权wangqing用户在172.16.12.129上远程登录访问wangqingge数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL ON wangqingge.* TO 'wangqing'@'172.16.12.129' IDENTIFIED BY 'wangqing123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

//授权wangqing用户在所有位置上远程登录访问wangqingge数据库
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'wangqing'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'wangqing123!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

4.3.2 查看授权

//查看当前登录用户的授权信息
mysql> SHOW GRANTS;
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for root@localhost                                           |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION |
| GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

//查看指定用户wangqing的授权信息
mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR wangqing;
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Grants for wangqing@%                         |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'wangqing'@'%' |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'wangqing'@'localhost';
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for wangqing@localhost                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'wangqing'@'localhost' |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'wangqing'@'127.0.0.1';
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for wangqing@127.0.0.1                         |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'wangqing'@'127.0.0.1' |
+-------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.3.3 取消授权REVOKE

//语法：REVOKE priv_type,... ON db_name.table_name FROM 'username'@'host';

mysql> revoke all on *.* from dxw@192.168.227.133;		#取消dxw用户的远程登录
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;		#重新更新授权
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#查看是否删除
mysql> show grants for dxw@192.168.227.133;
+-----------------------------------------------+
| Grants for dxw@192.168.227.133                |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'dxw'@'192.168.227.133' |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)
USAGE就是没有权限

注意：mysql服务进程启动时会读取mysql库中的所有授权表至内存中：

GRANT或REVOKE等执行权限操作会保存于表中，mysql的服务进程会自动重读授权表，并更新至内存中
对于不能够或不能及时重读授权表的命令，可手动让mysql的服务进程重读授权表

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

对mysql workench进行连接：

实战：

第一步先在win上查看自己电脑的IP地址：

在这里插入图片描述

服务端：
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
加入mysql数据库里面
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'192.168.227.1' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

加入到workench进行连接：
在这里插入图片描述