kvm虚拟化

kvm虚拟化

一、什么是虚拟化

在一台计算机上虚拟出多个逻辑的计算机，而且每个逻辑计算机，它可以是不同操作系统。

在计算机技术中，虚拟化（技术）或虚拟技术（英语：Virtualization）是一种资源管理技术，是将计算机的各种实体资源（CPU、内存、磁盘空间、网络适配器等），予以抽象、转换后呈现出来并可供分区、组合为一个或多个电脑配置环境。

一般所指的虚拟化资源包括计算能力和数据存储。

由于目前信息技术领域的很多企业都曾在宣传中将该企业的某种技术称为虚拟化技术，这些技术涵盖的范围可以从Java虚拟机技术到系统管理软件，这就使得准确的界定虚拟技术变得困难。因此各种相关学术论文在谈到虚拟技术时常常提到的便是如前面所提到的那个不严格的定义。

二、为什么要使用虚拟化

1、同一台物理机运行多个不同版本应用软件

2、硬件依赖性较低和便于数据迁移

虚拟化技术的优势

1、降低运营成本

服务器虚拟化降低了IT基础设施的运营成本，令系统管理员摆脱了繁重的物理服务器、OS、中间件及兼容性的管理工作，减少人工干预频率，使管理更加强大、便捷。

2、提高应用兼容性

服务器虚拟化提供的封装性和隔离性使大量应用独立运行于各种环境中，管理人员不需频繁根据底层环境调整应用，只需构建一个应用版本并将其发布到虚拟化后的不同类型平台上即可。

3、加速应用部署

采用服务器虚拟化技术只需输入激活配置参数、拷贝虚拟机、启动虚拟机、激活虚拟机即可完成部署，大大缩短了部署时间，免除人工干预，降低了部署成本。

4、提高服务可用性

用户可以方便地备份虚拟机，在进行虚拟机动态迁移后，可以方便的恢复备份，或者在其他物理机上运行备份，大大提高了服务的可用性。

5、提升资源利用率

​ 通过服务器虚拟化的整合，提高了CPU、内存、存储、网 络 等设备的利用率，同时保证原有服务的可用性，使其 安全性及性能不受影响。

​6、动态资源调度

​ 在服务器虚拟化技术中，数据中心从传统的单一服务器变 成了统一的资源池，用户可以即时地调整虚拟机资源，同 时数据中心管理程序和数据中心管理员可以灵活根据虚拟 机内部资源使用情况灵活分配调整给虚拟机的资源。

7、降低能源消耗

通过减少运行的物理服务器数量，减少CPU以外各单元的耗电量，达到节能减排的目的。

三、kvm介绍

kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。

那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。

Qemu 是纯软件实现的虚拟化模拟器，几乎可以模拟任何硬件设备，我们最熟悉的就是能够模拟一台能够独立运行操作系统的虚拟机，虚拟机认为自己和硬件打交道，但其实是和 Qemu 模拟出来的硬件打交道，Qemu 将这些指令转译给真正的硬件。

正因为 Qemu 是纯软件实现的，所有的指令都要经 Qemu 过一手，性能非常低，所以，在生产环境中，大多数的做法都是配合 KVM 来完成虚拟化工作，因为 KVM 是硬件辅助的虚拟化技术，主要负责 比较繁琐的 CPU 和内存虚拟化，而 Qemu 则负责 I/O 虚拟化，两者合作各自发挥自身的优势，相得益彰.

作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。

Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。管理虚拟机和虚拟化功能的软件

其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。

Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh

1、libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；

2、API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；

3、virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具

四、kvm部署

环境说明：

主机名	IP地址	系统
kvm	192.168.183.138	centos8

1、修改虚拟机配置

设置虚拟机内存，添加一块200G的硬盘

开启虚拟化

2、新建分区

将硬盘所有大小都给这个分区

[root@kvm ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
|-sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
`-sda2        8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  |-cs-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  `-cs-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb           8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
sr0          11:0    1 10.3G  0 rom  /mnt
[root@kvm ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel                                                          
New disk label type? msdos                                                
(parted) unit                                                             
Unit?  [compact]? MiB                                                     
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 204800MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  Type  File system  Flags

(parted) mkpart                                                           
Partition type?  primary/extended? primary                                
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 10                                                                 
End? 204790                                                               
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 204800MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start    End        Size       Type     File system  Flags
 1      10.0MiB  204790MiB  204780MiB  primary  xfs          lba

(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

//刷新分区表
[root@kvm ~]# udevadm settle   

//格式化
[root@kvm ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=13105920 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1    bigtime=0 inobtcount=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=52423680, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=25597, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@kvm ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="1ecb154f-ddae-429f-9b18-dfc68f0bc69f" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="fc921196-01"

//挂载
[root@kvm ~]# mkdir /kvmdata
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/fstab 
//末行插入
UUID="1ecb154f-ddae-429f-9b18-dfc68f0bc69f" /kvmdata    xfs     defaults
0 0
[root@kvm ~]# mount -a
[root@kvm ~]# df -Th
Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs            devtmpfs  3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs               tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs               tmpfs     3.9G  9.0M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs               tmpfs     3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cs-root xfs        17G  1.7G   16G  10% /
/dev/sda1           xfs      1014M  182M  833M  18% /boot
/dev/sr0            iso9660    11G   11G     0 100% /mnt
tmpfs               tmpfs     793M     0  793M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1           xfs       200G  1.5G  199G   1% /kvmdata
[root@kvm ~]# 

3、安装kvm

//关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# setenforce 0
[root@kvm ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@kvm ~]# reboot

//部署yum源
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# rm -rf *
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  2495  100  2495    0     0   8372      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  8372
[root@kvm yum.repos.d]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo


//安装所需软件包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ qemu-kvm  qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer  libguestfs-tools


//验证cpu是否支持kvm，vmx是intel的  svm是AMD的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx

//安装kvm
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm \
> qemu-kvm \
> qemu-img \
>  virt-manager \
>  libvirt \
>  libvirt-python3 \
>  libvirt-client \
>  virt-install \
>  virt-viewer \
>  bridge-utils \
>  libguestfs-tools

4、配置网络

//因为虚拟机中的网络，我们一般是都和公司服务器处在同一网段的，所以我们需要把kvm的网卡配置成桥接模式
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-br0  ifcfg-ens33
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0 
//将网卡配置修改为如下内容
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.183.138
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.183.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8

[root@kvm network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0

//重启网卡
[root@kvm network-scripts]# nmcli connection reload
[root@kvm network-scripts]# nmcli connection up ens33
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4)
[root@kvm network-scripts]# nmcli connection up br0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)

[root@kvm network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:a9:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:a9:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.183.138/24 brd 192.168.183.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@kvm network-scripts]# 

5、启动及配置

//启动libvirtd服务
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd

//查看kvm模块是否加载
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel             323584  0
kvm                   905216  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              16384  1 kvm

//将qemu-kvm这个命令做一个软链接到/usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 21 Oct  4 22:32 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# 

//查看网桥信息
[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.000c297ba919       no              ens33
virbr0          8000.52540038282c       yes             virbr0-nic

五、kvm管理界面安装

Kvm的web界面是由webvirtmgr程序提供的

//安装依赖包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python2-pip supervisor nginx python2-devel
[root@kvm ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
--2022-10-04 22:40:47--  http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirror.centos.org (mirror.centos.org)... 13.233.140.107, 2401:78c0::e00e
Connecting to mirror.centos.org (mirror.centos.org)|13.233.140.107|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 253008 (247K) [application/x-rpm]
Saving to: 'libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm'

libxml2-python-2.9. 100%[===================>] 247.08K  65.7KB/s    in 3.8s    

2022-10-04 22:40:52 (65.7 KB/s) - 'libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm' saved [253008/253008]

//下载webvirtmgr
[root@kvm ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm

//升级pip
[root@kvm ~]# pip2 install --upgrade pip
WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip2 install --user` instead.
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/27/79/8a850fe3496446ff0d584327ae44e7500daf6764ca1a382d2d02789accf7/pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
    100% |################################| 1.5MB 17kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 9.0.3
    Uninstalling pip-9.0.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-9.0.3
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4
You are using pip version 20.3.4, however version 22.2.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
[root@kvm ~]# pip -V
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

//github拉取webvirtmgr
[root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm src]# git clone http://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...
warning: redirecting to https://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git/
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
Receiving objects: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 1.98 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3606/3606), done.
[root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# ls
MANIFEST.in  create                instance    requirements.txt  storages
README.rst   deploy                interfaces  secrets           templates
Vagrantfile  dev-requirements.txt  locale      serverlog         vrtManager
conf         hostdetail            manage.py   servers           webvirtmgr
console      images                networks    setup.py

//安装webvirtmgr
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt

//检查sqlite3是否安装
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python3
Python 3.6.8 (default, Jan 19 2022, 23:28:49) 
[GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-7)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# 

//初始化账号信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python2 manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes		//是否创建超级管理员账号
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root		/指定超级管理员账号用户名，默认留空为root
Email address: 123@qq.com		//设置超级管理员邮箱
Password: 		//设置超级管理员密码
Password (again): 		//确认密码
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# 

//拷贝web网页到指定目录
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr/ /var/www/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/

//生成一对公钥与私钥，由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台主机中，所以这里本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他机器上的时候，那么就需要把公钥发送到kvm主机中
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:JS78xohDOCq2A6FXAPKnNfClTcf8tydqzsxCrRAotOo root@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|o..   oo.        |
|..oo = .o        |
| ..o*.. ...      |
|. o=oo.. o. .    |
|.o+o. o.S. . .   |
|+..o ..=. . o .  |
|=o  o .o+. . o   |
|oE.  . .o+o      |
| ..      +=      |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.183.138
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.183.138 (192.168.183.138)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:g406IIpvR6wRO/BO9gWbfG8O9r+eVF9PuwyLN6XtqyI.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.183.138's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.183.138'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# 

//配置端口转发
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# ssh 192.168.183.138 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Tue Oct  4 22:00:55 2022 from 192.168.183.1

//配置nginx
[root@kvm ~]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.bak
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
//在server参数中进行修改
删除listen       [::]:80;行
参数server_name行改成server_name  localhost;
删除root         /usr/share/nginx/html;行
在include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;行下添加
location / {
       root    html;
       index   index.html index.htm;
      }


server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        server_name  localhost;

        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
                root    html;
                index   index.html index.htm;
        }       


//配置nginx虚拟主机
[root@kvm ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
    listen 80 default_server;
     
    server_name $hostname;
    #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
         
    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
        expires max;
    }
                     
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;
        proxy_read_timeout 600;
        proxy_send_timeout 600;
        client_max_body_size 1024M;
   }
}
[root@kvm ~]# 

//确保bind绑定本机的8000端口
[root@kvm ~]# grep "bind"  /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
# bind - The socket to bind.
bind = '127.0.0.1:8000'

//重启nginx服务，查看端口
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State      Recv-Q     Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     Process     
LISTEN     0          128                    0.0.0.0:111                 0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                    0.0.0.0:80                  0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                  127.0.0.1:6080                0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                  127.0.0.1:8000                0.0.0.0:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                       [::]:111                    [::]:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                       [::]:22                     [::]:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                      [::1]:6080                   [::]:*                    
LISTEN     0          128                      [::1]:8000                   [::]:*                    
[root@kvm ~]# 

//设置supervisor
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
//在末行插入以下内容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx

[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx

//启动并设置开机自启
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.

//配置nginx用户
[root@kvm ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
[nginx@kvm ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:eAzzREPxYbX+6oJ4SBgPLPQtjyd3nQ8di4GNPeZVxLE nginx@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|       .=.o..oo. |
|  .    . + . .o. |
| . o .o .=. ..E  |
|  . * .Bo *.o    |
|   . O. S+ B.o   |
|    + *.. * o.   |
|     = + . o  .  |
|      o o . ..   |
|       .   oo    |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[nginx@kvm ~]$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" > ~/.ssh/config
[nginx@kvm ~]$ cat .ssh/config 
StrictHostKeyChecking=no
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
[nginx@kvm ~]$ chmod 600 .ssh/config
[nginx@kvm ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.183.138
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.183.138' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.183.138's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.183.138'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[nginx@kvm ~]$ exit
logout
[root@kvm ~]# 
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
[root@kvm ~]# ss -antl
State    Recv-Q   Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN   0        128            127.0.0.1:8000          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        100              0.0.0.0:6080          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:111           0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:80            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        32         192.168.122.1:53            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128              0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:111              [::]:*              
LISTEN   0        128                 [::]:22               [::]:*              

六、web界面管理

web界面登录

新建连接

新建存储池

上传镜像

[root@kvm kvmdata]# ls
CentOS-Stream-8-x86_64-latest-dvd1.iso

新建镜像

新建网络

新建虚拟机实例



开始安装

解决报错

解决方法：
安装novnc，并通过novnc_server启动一个vnc

[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install novnc
[root@kvm ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@kvm ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local

正常安装