为了完成如题所述要求,我们需要编写一些代码来加载数据,然后实现计算信息增益、信息增益比和Gini不纯度的函数。而计算这些指标通常涉及决策树算法的内部逻辑,scikit-learn库提供了决策树实现,但并未直接提供计算这些指标的函数。因此,我们需要自己编写这些计算逻辑。
信息增益:
Gini系数:
具体代码如下:
#确保已经安装必要的库
pip install pandas scikit-learn
#读取数据集
将数据文件上传至Jupyter服务器的正确目录,使用pandas库的read_csv函数或其他适当的函数读取数据集,其中“tree_data.csv”为数据名。
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv('tree_data.csv',encoding ='GB2312')
print(data)
如出现UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xcc in position 0: invalid continuation byte报错时,意味着文件编码出错,可以使用python库检测正确的文件编码:
import chardet
with open('tree_data.csv', 'rb') as f:
result = chardet.detect(f.read())
encoding = result['encoding']
print(f'Detected encoding: {encoding}')
#导入pandas库,将其重命名为pd
#从sklearn.tree模块中导入DecisionTreeClassifier类
#从sklearn.metrics模块中导入classification_report函数
#从math模块中导入log2函数
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report
from math import log2
import numpy as np
X = data.drop('玩耍(目标值)', axis=1) # 特征列
y = data['玩耍(目标值)'] # 目标列
#初始化信息增益和信息增益比的字典
info_gain = {}
info_gain_ratio = {}
#计算数据集的信息熵和条件熵
#计算数据集的信息熵
def entropy(y):
hist = y.value_counts()
ps = hist / len(y)
return -sum([p * log2(p) for p in ps if p > 0])
# 计算条件熵
def conditional_entropy(X, y, feature):
values = X[feature].unique()
weighted_entropy = sum((X[feature] == val).mean() * entropy(y[X[feature] == val]) for val in values)
return weighted_entropy
#计算信息增益
def information_gain(X, y, feature):
orig_entropy = entropy(y)
cond_entropy = conditional_entropy(X, y, feature)
return orig_entropy - cond_entropy
#计算分裂信息
def split_information(X, feature):
values = X[feature].unique()
probs = [(X[feature] == val).mean() for val in values]
return -sum(p * log2(p) for p in probs if p > 0)
#计算信息增益比
def information_gain_ratio(X, y, feature):
gain = information_gain(X, y, feature)
split_info = split_information(X, feature)
return gain / split_info
#计算Gini不纯度
def gini_impurity(y):
hist = y.value_counts()
total = len(y)
ps = hist / total
return 1 - sum(p**2 for p in ps)
#计算每个特征的信息增益、信息增益比和基尼不纯度
features = X.columns
info_gains = {feature: information_gain(X, y, feature) for feature in features}
info_gain_ratios = {feature: information_gain_ratio(X, y, feature) for feature in features}
gini_impurities = {feature: gini_impurity(y[X[feature] == val]) for feature in features for val in X[feature].unique()}
#打印结果
print("信息增益:", info_gains)
print("信息增益比:", info_gain_ratios)
print("基尼不纯度:", gini_impurities)
上述代码片段中计算Gini不纯度是针对整个数据集而并非单个特征的每个值,如果要为每个特征的每个唯一值计算Gini不纯度,需要修改上面的gini_impurities字典推导式。通常Gini不纯度是在构建决策树时在节点分裂时针对当前节点样本进行计算。另外,由于数据集的不确定性,代码需要随时根据具体情况进行调整。例如数据集包含非数值型特征时,需要在进行计算之前对特征进行编码。