基于Java实现学生信息管理系统

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-27 19:04:13 发布

只想吃软饭

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-27 19:04:13 发布

阅读量756

点赞数 22

文章标签： java 开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_66281927/article/details/140685787

版权

1 学生信息管理系统介绍

主要任务：方便于管理学生的各种信息

主要功能：登录、注册、验证码、删除学生、增加学生、修改学生、查看学生、导出学生信息。

思想：把每一个功能写一个类出来

使用工具：IntelliJ idea、MySQL

2 MySQL

2.1 MySQL核心思想图

2.2 启动MySQL

在windows下安装好MySQL

使用CMD运行命令，打开CMD快捷键：win+R

在cmd中执行mysql -uroot -p123456命令注意：-p后的字符是自己MySQL的密码

2.3 创建相应的数据库

创建students数据库代码如下

create database students;

进入到students数据库中

use students;

mysql> use students;
Database changed

2.4 创建相应的表

stu数据表属性有学号（number）、姓名（name）、年龄（age）、省份（province）

建表语句为

create table stu(
 number char(10)  primary key, //学号设为主键
 name varchar(6),
 age int,
 province varchar(10)
 );

user数据表序号（id）、账号（numberuser）、密码（password），提供给管理员去操作系统

建表语句为

create table user(
 id int not null auto_increment primary key, //自动生成序列号，且设为主键
 numberuser varchar(10),
 password varchar(10)
);

3 Idea

3.1 建Maven工程

点击idea中File--> New-->Project,出现下例如窗口，点击Maven

选择好jdk版本后点击Next

给项目名称取一个StudenSystem

3.2 添加依赖

打开建好的Maven工程，打开pom.xml

添加MySQL依赖注意：更换自己MySQL的版本

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.26</version>
        </dependency>
 </dependencies>

3.3 添加相应的功能类

Maven中，在src-->main-->java下新创一个work包用于存放功能类

3.3.1 添加ConnJDBC类

这个类的主要功能就是封装获取连接数据库和关闭数据库，代码如下：

package work;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import static java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection;
/*链接数据库*/
public class ConnJDBC {
    public static Connection getConn(){
        Connection conn=null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/students?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone = GMT";
            String username="root";
            String password="123456";
            conn= getConnection(url, username, password);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return conn;
    }
    public static void closeDB(ResultSet rs, Statement pstmt, Connection conn){
        if(rs!=null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (pstmt!=null){
            try {
                pstmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(conn!=null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

3.3.2 添加Enter类

最要实现登录选项页面

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Enter {
    public Enter() throws SQLException, IOException {
        System.out.println("--欢迎使用只想吃软饭---学生管理系统--");
        System.out.println("-------欢迎来到登录页------");
        System.out.println("1.登录");
        System.out.println("2.注册");
        System.out.println("请选择你需要的操作：");
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        String select=sc.nextLine();
        switch (select){
            case "1":new Login();break;
            case "2":new Register();break;
            default: System.out.println("请输入正确的操作序号");new Enter();
        }
    }
}

3.3.3 添加NumberRepeat类

主要是判断学生的学号是否唯一

package work;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;
/*用来判断学号是否唯一*//*如果重复侧返回true*/
public class NumberRepeat {
    public static boolean NumberRepeats(String number) throws SQLException {
        Connection conn=getConn();
        Statement stat= conn.createStatement();
        String qsl="select *from stu";
        ResultSet rs= stat.executeQuery(qsl);
        while (rs.next()){
            String numbers= rs.getString("number");
            if (numbers.equals(number)){
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

3.3.4 添加getCode类

主要生成随机的验证码

package work;
import java.util.Random;
public class getCode {
    public static String getCodes(int length) {
        String code = "";
        Random random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            String charOrNum = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? "char" : "num";;
            if ("char".equals(charOrNum)) {
                int choice = random.nextInt(2) % 2 == 0 ? 65 : 97;
                code = code+(char) (choice + random.nextInt(26));
            } else if ("num".equals(charOrNum)) {
                code =  code+(String.valueOf(random.nextInt(10)));
            }
        }
        return code;
    }
}

3.3.5 添加Login类

主要实现登录页面，此登录与数据库中user表信息相关联，此类具有验证码功能

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Scanner;

import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;
import static work.getCode.getCodes;

public class Login {
    public Login() throws SQLException, IOException {
        String name;
        String password;
        String Code= getCodes(4);
        String UserCode;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        while (true){
            System.out.println("-------------------------------");
            System.out.println("--欢迎使用只想吃软饭---学生管理系统--");
            System.out.println("-------------请登录-------------");
            System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
            name=sc.nextLine();
            System.out.println("请输入密码:");
            password=sc.nextLine();
            System.out.println("请输入右边的验证码：   "+Code);
            UserCode=sc.nextLine();
            if (LoginCheck(name,password)&&UserCode.equals(Code)){
                System.out.println("登录成功");
                new HomePage();
            }
            else if(LoginCheck(name,password)&&!UserCode.equals(Code)){
                System.out.println("验证码错误，请重新登录");
            }
            else{
                System.out.println("账户或者密码错误，请重新登录");
            }}
    }


    public  static boolean LoginCheck(String name,String pass) throws SQLException {
        Connection conn=getConn();
        Statement stat=conn.createStatement();
        String sql="select * from user";
        ResultSet rs= stat.executeQuery(sql);
        while (rs.next()){
            String UserName = rs.getString("numberuser");
            String UserPass = rs.getString("password");
            if (name.equals(UserName)&&pass.equals(UserPass)){
                closeDB(rs,stat,conn);return true;
            }
        }
        closeDB(rs,stat,conn);
        System.out.println("mysql里面没有相关账户");
        return false;
    }
}

3.3.6 添加Register类

此类用于注册管理学生的用户

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Scanner;
import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;
/*注册*/
public class Register {
    public Register() throws SQLException, IOException {
        String name;
        String password;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("---------欢迎来到注册页面---------");
        System.out.println("请输入注册的用户名：");
        name=sc.nextLine();
        /*判断账户是否存在*/
        if(CheckName(name)){
            System.out.println("请输入设定的密码：");
            password=sc.next();
            Connection conn=getConn();
        String sql = "insert into user(numberuser,password) values(?,?)";
        PreparedStatement pst=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pst.setString(1,name);
        pst.setString(2,password);
        int i = pst.executeUpdate();
        if (i!=0){
            System.out.println("用户添加成功，返回主页");new Enter();
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("请重新操作");new Register();
        }}else {
            System.out.println("用户已经存在,请重新操作");new Register();
        }
    }
    public  static boolean CheckName(String name) throws SQLException {
        Connection conn=getConn();
        Statement stat=conn.createStatement();
        String sql="select * from user";
        ResultSet rs= stat.executeQuery(sql);
        while (rs.next()){
            String UserName = rs.getString("numberuser");
            if (name.equals(UserName)){
                ;closeDB(rs,stat,conn);return false;
            }

        }
        closeDB(rs,stat,conn);
        return true;
    }
}

3.3.7 添加HomePage类

主要实现管理系统的主页，可以选择添加、删除、修改、查看、导出学生信息与退出系统功能

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import static work.AddStudent.AddStudents;
import static work.CheckAllStudent.CheckAllStudents;
import static work.DeleteStudent.DeleteStudents;
import static work.Derive.Derives;
import static work.ModifyStudent.ModifyStudents;
public class HomePage {
    public HomePage() throws SQLException, IOException {
        System.out.println("欢迎使用只想吃软饭-学生管理系统");
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("--------学生管理系统---------");
            System.out.println("1.添加学生信息");
            System.out.println("2.删除学生信息");
            System.out.println("3.修改学生信息");
            System.out.println("4.查看学生信息");
            System.out.println("5.导出学生信息");
            System.out.println("0.退出系统");
            System.out.println("--------------------------");
            System.out.println("请选择你需要的操作：");
            Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
            String select = sc.nextLine();
            switch (select) {
                case "0":{System.out.println("谢谢使用贵理工学生系统！");
                    System.exit(0);break;}
                case "1": AddStudents();break;
                case "2": DeleteStudents();break;
                case "3": ModifyStudents();break;
                case "4": CheckAllStudents();break;
                case "5":Derives();break;
                default: System.out.println("请输入正确的操作序号");

            }
}}}

3.3.8 添加AddStudent类

主要实现添加学生信息功能

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;

import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;
import static work.NumberRepeat.NumberRepeats;

/*添加学生*//*添加成功返回true*/
public class AddStudent {
    public static  void AddStudents() throws SQLException, IOException {
        System.out.println("--------欢迎来到添加学生界面-----------");
        String number,name;
        int age;
        String province;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请添加学生基本信息");
        System.out.println("请输入添加的学生学号:");
        number=sc.nextLine();
        //用来判断学号是否重复
        while (NumberRepeats(number)) {
            System.out.println("学号重复请重新输入学号:");
            number=sc.nextLine();
        }
        System.out.println("请输入添加的学生姓名:");
        name=sc.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入添加的学生年龄:");
        age=sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("请输入添加的学生省份:");
        province=sc.next();
        System.out.println();
        Connection conn=getConn();
        String sql = "insert into stu(number,name,age,province) values(?,?,?,?)";
        PreparedStatement pst=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pst.setString(1,number);
        pst.setString(2,name);
        pst.setInt(3,age);
        pst.setString(4,province);
        int i = pst.executeUpdate();
        closeDB(null,pst,conn);
        if(i!=0){
            System.out.println("学生添加成功");new HomePage();
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("学生添加失败");
        }
    }
}

3.3.9 添加 DeleteStudent类

实现删除学生功能

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;
import static work.NumberRepeat.NumberRepeats;
/*删除学生*/
public class DeleteStudent {
    public static void DeleteStudents() throws SQLException, IOException {
        String number;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("--------欢迎来到删除学生界面-----------");
        System.out.println("请输入要删除学生的学号：");
        number=sc.nextLine();
        /*因为学号重复返回ture，学号重复说明存在该学生，学号不重复说明没有该学生*/
        while (!NumberRepeats(number)){
            System.out.println("请重新输入存在的学号");
            number=sc.nextLine();
        }
        Connection conn=getConn();
        String sql = "delete from stu where number=?";
        PreparedStatement pst=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pst.setString(1,number);
        int i = pst.executeUpdate();
        closeDB(null,pst,conn);
        if (i!=0){
            System.out.println("学号为"+number+"删除成功"); new HomePage();
        }


    }
}

3.3.10 添加ModifyStudent类

实现修改学生信息，通过学号进行修改学生年龄、省份。

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Scanner;

import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;
import static work.NumberRepeat.NumberRepeats;

/*通过学号去修改年龄或省份*/
public class ModifyStudent {
    public static void ModifyStudents() throws SQLException, IOException {
        String select;
        String number;
        String province;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("欢迎来到修改界面系统");
        System.out.println("请输入要修改的学生学号");
        number = sc.nextLine();
        /*因为学号重复返回ture，学号重复说明存在该学生，学号不重复说明没有该学生*/
        while (!NumberRepeats(number)) {
            System.out.println("请重新输入存在的学号");
            number = sc.nextLine();
        }
        System.out.println("1.修改学生年龄");
        System.out.println("2.修改学生省份");
        System.out.println("3.修改学生年龄和省份");
        System.out.println("4.返回上一级");
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
        System.out.println("请选择你需要的操作：");
        select = sc.nextLine();
        switch (select) {
            case "1":
                ModifyStudentOfAge(number);
                break;
            case "2":
                ModifyStudentOfProvince(number);
                break;
            case "3":
                ModifyStudentOfAll(number);
                break;
            case "4":
                new HomePage();
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("请输入正确的操作序号");
        }



    }


    private static void ModifyStudentOfAge(String number) throws SQLException, IOException {
        int age;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要修改的年龄：");
        age = sc.nextInt();
        Connection conn = getConn();
        String sql = "update stu set age=? where number=?";
        PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pst.setInt(1, age);
        pst.setString(2, number);
        int i = pst.executeUpdate();
        if (i != 0) {
            System.out.println("修改成功");
            closeDB(null,pst,conn);
            new HomePage();
        }
    }

    private static void ModifyStudentOfProvince(String number) throws SQLException, IOException {
        String province;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要修改的省份：");
        province = sc.nextLine();
        Connection conn = getConn();
        String sql = "update stu set province=? where number=?";
        PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pst.setString(1, province);
        pst.setString(2, number);
        int i = pst.executeUpdate();
        if (i != 0) {
            System.out.println("修改成功");
            closeDB(null,pst,conn);
            new HomePage();
        }

    }
    private static void ModifyStudentOfAll(String number) throws SQLException, IOException {
        String province;
        int age;
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要修改的年龄：");
        age = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("请输入要修改的省份：");
        province= sc.next();
        Connection conn = getConn();
        String sql = "update stu set age=?,province=? where number=?";
        PreparedStatement pst = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        pst.setInt(1, age);
        pst.setString(2, province);
        pst.setString(3, number);
        int i = pst.executeUpdate();
        if (i != 0) {
            System.out.println("修改成功");
            closeDB(null,pst,conn);
            new HomePage();
        }
    }
}

3.3.11 添加CheckAllStudent类

实现学生信息查看

package work;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;

/*查看学生*/
public class CheckAllStudent {
    public static void CheckAllStudents() throws SQLException {
        int i=1;
        Statement stmt=null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        Connection conn=getConn();
        stmt =conn.createStatement();
        String sql="select * from stu";
        rs= stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        System.out.println("--------所有学生信息--------");
        System.out.println("序号\t"+"\t"+"学号\t"+"\t"+"\t"+"姓名\t"+"\t"+"年龄\t"+"\t"+"省份\t");
        while (rs.next()){
            String number = rs.getString("number");
            String name = rs.getString("name");
            int age= rs.getInt("age");
            String province= rs.getString("province");
            System.out.println((i++)+"\t"+"\t"+number+"\t"+"\t"+"\t"+number+"\t"+"\t"+age+"\t"+"\t"+province);
        }
        closeDB(rs,stmt,conn);
        System.out.println("");
    }
}

3.3.12 添加Derive类

主要实现导出学生信息，这里主要导成txt文件格式

package work;
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

import static work.ConnJDBC.closeDB;
import static work.ConnJDBC.getConn;

public class Derive {
    public static void Derives() throws IOException, SQLException {
        int i=1;
        System.out.println("--------导出学生界面-----------");
        System.out.println("导出路径为：");
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("G:\\work\\information.txt");
        OutputStreamWriter outs = new OutputStreamWriter(out);
        int ch;
        Statement stmt=null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        Connection conn=getConn();
        stmt =conn.createStatement();
        String sql="select * from stu";
        rs=stmt.executeQuery(sql);
        outs.write("序号\t\t学号\t\t\t姓名\t\t年龄\t\t省份\r\n");
        while (rs.next()){
            String number = rs.getString("number");
            String name = rs.getString("name");
            int age= rs.getInt("age");
            String province= rs.getString("province");
            String sum=(i++)+number+"\t\t"+name+"\t\t"+age+"\t\t"+province+"\r\n";
            outs.write(sum);
        }
        System.out.println("G:\\work\\information.txt");
        outs.close();
        out.close();
        closeDB(rs,stmt,conn);
    }

}

3.3.13 添加demo类

这个类是程序的执行入口

package work;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, IOException {
        new Enter();
        }
    }

添加好后文件大概呈现下图