Trigonometry

Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek τρίγωνον (trígōnon) ‘triangle’, and μέτρον (métron) ‘measure’)[1] is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles. The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies.[2] The Greeks focused on the calculation of chords, while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric ratios (also called trigonometric functions) such as sine.[3]

Throughout history, trigonometry has been applied in areas such as geodesy, surveying, celestial mechanics, and navigation.[4]

Trigonometry is known for its many identities. These trigonometric identities[5][6] are commonly used for rewriting trigonometrical expressions with the aim to simplify an expression, to find a more useful form of an expression, or to solve an equation.[7]

1 History

2 Trigonometric ratios

2.1 Mnemonics

2.2 The unit circle and common trigonometric values

3 Trigonometric functions of real or complex variables

3.1 Graphs of trigonometric functions

3.2 Inverse trigonometric functions

3.3 Power series representations

3.4 Calculating trigonometric functions

3.5 Other trigonometric functions

4 Applications

4.1 Astronomy

4.2 Navigation

4.3 Surveying

4.4 Periodic functions

4.5 Optics and acoustics

4.6 Other applications

5 Identities

5.1 Triangle identities

5.1.1 Law of sines

5.1.2 Law of cosines

5.1.3 Law of tangents

5.1.4 Area

5.2 Trigonometric identities

5.2.1 Pythagorean identities

5.2.2 Euler’s formula

5.2.3 Other trigonometric identities

6 See also

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