BGP选路实验

最新推荐文章于 2025-12-17 23:40:21 发布

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#网络

文章详细描述了在多个路由器网络中如何运用OSPF和BGP协议，通过策略如PreVal、AS_Path、MED、LocalPreference实现路由选择，并实现负载均衡。还介绍了如何使用AS策略和自定义Community来控制路由通告和接受。

AS123部分使用OSPF 进行宣告

R4：

#
bgp 400
router-id 4.4.4.4
peer 24.0.0.2 as-number 123
peer 34.0.0.3 as-number 123
#

network 192.168.1.0
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.3.0

R1：

ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
area 0.0.0.0
network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 15.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.255

#

bgp 123
router-id 1.1.1.1
peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 123
peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 123
peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 45.0.0.5 as-number 500

#

R2：

#

ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255

#
bgp 123
router-id 2.2.2.2
peer 1.1.1.1 as-number 123
peer 1.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 24.0.0.4 as-number 400
network 192.168.20.0
network 192.168.30.0
network 192.168.100.0
peer 1.1.1.1 next-hop-local
#

R3：

ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
network 15.0.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255

#
bgp 123
router-id 3.3.3.3
peer 1.1.1.1 as-number 123
peer 1.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
peer 34.0.0.4 as-number 400
network 192.168.20.0
network 192.168.30.0
network 192.168.100.0
peer 1.1.1.1 next-hop-local
#

R5:

#
bgp 500
peer 15.0.0.1 as-number 123
network 192.168.10.0
network 192.168.11.0
network 192.168.12.0
#

检查对等体是否建立

1.使用PreVal策略，确保R4通过R2到达192.168.10.0/24

[R4]ip ip-prefix aa permit 192.168.10.0 24
[R4]route-policy aa permit node 10
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix aa
[R4-route-policy]apply preferred-value 1000
[R4]route-policy aa permit node 20
[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]peer 24.0.0.2 route-policy aa import

检查BGP表的PreVal属性是否修改成功

2.使用AS_Path策略，确保R4通过R3到达192.168.11.0/24

[R4]ip ip-prefix bb index 10 permit 192.168.11.0 24
[R4]route-policy aa permit node 15
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix bb
[R4-route-policy]apply as-path 123 123 500 500 overwrite

查看BGP路由表AS_Path属性

3.配置MED策略，确保R4通过R3到达192.168.12.0/24

[R4]ip ip-prefix med permit 192.168.12.0 24
[R4]route-policy aa permit node 20
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix med
[R4-route-policy]apply cost 500

[R4]route-policy bb permit node 10
[R4-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix med
[R4-route-policy]apply cost 200
[R4]route-policy bb permit node 20
[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]peer 34.0.0.3 route-policy bb import

查看BGP路由表MED属性

4.使用Local Preference策略，确保R1通过R2到达192.168.1.0/24

[R1]ip ip-prefix LP permit 192.168.1.0 24
[R1]route-policy aa permit node 10
[R1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix LP
[R1-route-policy]apply local-preference 200
[R1]route-policy aa permit node 20
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 route-policy aa import

5.使用Local Preference策略，确保R1通过R3到达192.168.2.0/24

[R1]ip ip-prefix lp permit 192.168.2.0 24
[R1]route-policy bb permit node 10
[R1-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix lp
[R1-route-policy]apply local-preference 200
[R1]route-policy bb permit node 20
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 route-policy bb import

查看BGP路由表Local Preference属性

6.配置负载均衡，确保R1通过R2和R3到达192.168.3.0/24

[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]maximum load-balancing 2

使用display ip routing-table protocol bgp查看是否负载均衡

7.使用AS策略，AS 500不接受任何始发于AS 123的路由

查看R5的BGP表中是否存在AS 123的路由

解决配置：

1、抓取流量
[R5]ip as-path-filter 1 deny ^123$
[R5]ip as-path-filter 1 permit .*
2、调用
[R5]bgp 500
[R5-bgp]peer 45.0.0.1 as-path-filter 1 import

查看配置

效果：

8.使用自定义Community策略，确保192.168.3.0/24路由不会被发布到AS 500

查看BGP表中这条路由是否存在

解决配置：

[R4]route-policy com permit node 10
[R4-route-policy]apply community 400:500
[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]network 192.168.3.0 route-policy com

本地已携带社团属性

开通社团属性功能

[R4]bgp 400
[R4-bgp]peer 24.0.0.2 advertise-community
[R4-bgp]peer 34.0.0.3 advertise-community
[R2]bgp 123
[R2-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 advertise-community
[R3]bgp 123
[R3-bgp]peer 1.1.1.1 advertise-community

检查R1 BGP表

对携带社团属性的路由做路由策略

1、抓取社团属性为 400:500 的流量
[R1]ip community-filter 1 permit 400:500
2、做策略
[R1]route-policy com deny node 10
[R1-route-policy]if-match community-filter 1
[R1]route-policy com permit node 20
3、调用
[R1]bgp 123
[R1-bgp]peer 45.0.0.5 route-policy com export

抑制成功