触摸屏控制器是一种常见的嵌入式系统应用,可以通过触摸屏实现人机交互操作。在本文中,我们将使用STM32微控制器制作一个触摸屏控制器,实现基本的触摸功能。
我们将使用STM32F103微控制器和Resistive触摸屏进行示例。Resistive触摸屏包含两个导电层,当用户按下屏幕时,两个导电层会接触,产生电阻变化,通过测量电阻变化来检测用户的触摸动作。
以下是我们将要完成的任务列表:
- 配置STM32F103的GPIO和ADC引脚
- 初始化ADC模块用于读取电阻值
- 编写触摸屏校准程序,用于确定触摸屏的坐标范围
- 实现触摸屏的坐标转换函数,将电阻值转换为实际坐标值
- 设计图形用户界面(GUI)元素,例如按钮、文本框等
- 通过读取触摸屏坐标来实现用户交互功能,例如点击按钮执行相应操作
首先,我们需要配置STM32F103的GPIO和ADC引脚。在示例中,我们使用PA0作为ADC输入引脚,PA1和PA2作为触摸屏的Y和X方向引脚。以下是配置GPIO和ADC的代码:
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc1;
void GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_0;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_1 | GPIO_PIN_2;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void ADC_Init(void)
{
ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig;
__HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_ENABLE();
hadc1.Instance = ADC1;
hadc1.Init.ScanConvMode = ADC_SCAN_DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ContinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode = DISABLE;
hadc1.Init.ExternalTrigConv = ADC_SOFTWARE_START;
hadc1.Init.DataAlign = ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;
hadc1.Init.NbrOfConversion = 1;
HAL_ADC_Init(&hadc1);
sConfig.Channel = ADC_CHANNEL_0;
sConfig.Rank = ADC_REGULAR_RANK_1;
sConfig.SamplingTime = ADC_SAMPLETIME_13CYCLES_5;
HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(&hadc1, &sConfig);
}
接下来,我们需要初始化ADC模块用于读取电阻值。以下是初始化ADC的代码:
void ADC_Start(void)
{
HAL_ADC_Start(&hadc1);
}
uint16_t ADC_Read(void)
{
if (HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(&hadc1, 100) == HAL_OK) {
return HAL_ADC_GetValue(&hadc1);
}
return 0;
}
现在,我们可以编写触摸屏校准程序,用于确定触摸屏的坐标范围。触摸屏校准程序需要用户按下屏幕上的几个固定点,并记录电阻值和实际坐标值。通过这些数据,我们可以计算触摸屏的校准参数,并将其保存在非易失性存储器中。以下是触摸屏校准程序的示例代码:
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "eeprom.h"
#define CALIBRATION_POINTS 3
typedef struct {
uint16_t resistance;
uint16_t x;
uint16_t y;
} CalibrationPoint;
CalibrationPoint calibrationData[CALIBRATION_POINTS];
uint16_t calibrationParam[7];
void Touchscreen_Calibrate(void)
{
uint8_t points[CALIBRATION_POINTS] = {0};
uint16_t resistanceValue = 0;
uint16_t x = 0, y = 0;
uint8_t i;
for (i = 0; i < CALIBRATION_POINTS; i++) {
points[i] = 0;
calibrationData[i].resistance = 0;
calibrationData[i].x = 0;
calibrationData[i].y = 0;
}
while (1) {
resistanceValue = ADC_Read();
// Check if touch is detected
if (resistanceValue > TOUCH_THRESHOLD) {
// Check if point is already detected
for (i = 0; i < CALIBRATION_POINTS; i++) {
if (points[i]) {
continue;
}
points[i] = 1;
calibrationData[i].resistance = resistanceValue;
// Read X and Y coordinates
x = Touchscreen_ReadX();
y = Touchscreen_ReadY();
calibrationData[i].x = x;
calibrationData[i].y = y;
break;
}
// Check if all points are detected
uint8_t allDetected = 1;
for (i = 0; i < CALIBRATION_POINTS; i++) {
if (!points[i]) {
allDetected = 0;
break;
}
}
if (allDetected) {
break;
}
}
}
// Calculate calibration parameters
uint16_t xDiff = calibrationData[2].x - calibrationData[0].x;
uint16_t yDiff = calibrationData[2].y - calibrationData[0].y;
uint16_t xResistanceDiff = calibrationData[2].resistance - calibrationData[0].resistance;
uint16_t yResistanceDiff = calibrationData[2].resistance - calibrationData[0].resistance;
calibrationParam[0] = (xDiff << 12) / xResistanceDiff;
calibrationParam[1] = (calibrationData[0].x << 12) - (calibrationData[0].resistance * calibrationParam[0]);
calibrationParam[2] = (yDiff << 12) / yResistanceDiff;
calibrationParam[3] = (calibrationData[0].y << 12) - (calibrationData[0].resistance * calibrationParam[2]);
calibrationParam[4] = calibrationData[2].resistance;
// Save calibration parameters to EEPROM
EEPROM_Write(0x00, calibrationParam, sizeof(calibrationParam));
}
接下来,我们可以实现触摸屏的坐标转换函数,将电阻值转换为实际坐标值。以下是坐标转换函数的示例代码:
uint16_t Touchscreen_ReadX(void)
{
uint16_t resistanceValue = ADC_Read();
return ((resistanceValue * calibrationParam[0]) + calibrationParam[1]) >> 12;
}
uint16_t Touchscreen_ReadY(void)
{
uint16_t resistanceValue = ADC_Read();
return ((resistanceValue * calibrationParam[2]) + calibrationParam[3]) >> 12;
}
现在,我们可以设计图形用户界面(GUI)元素,例如按钮、文本框等。我们可以使用LCD或OLED显示屏来显示这些GUI元素。以下是一个简单的按钮示例代码:
typedef struct {
uint16_t x;
uint16_t y;
uint16_t width;
uint16_t height;
uint8_t state;
} Button;
Button button;
button.x = 100;
button.y = 100;
button.width = 50;
button.height = 20;
button.state = 0;
void Button_Draw(void)
{
if (button.state) {
// Draw button in pressed state
LCD_DrawRectangle(button.x, button.y, button.width, button.height, COLOR_BLUE);
} else {
// Draw button in normal state
LCD_DrawRectangle(button.x, button.y, button.width, button.height, COLOR_GREEN);
}
}
void Button_Update(void)
{
uint16_t x = Touchscreen_ReadX();
uint16_t y = Touchscreen_ReadY();
if (x >= button.x && x <= button.x + button.width && y >= button.y && y <= button.y + button.height) {
button.state = 1;
} else {
button.state = 0;
}
}
最后,我们可以通过读取触摸屏坐标来实现用户交互功能。在主