线程相关理解

一.相关概念

进程：正在运行的应用程序（官方概念：一个正在运行的程序拥有该程序运行的所有资源，包括资源的分配和任务调度。）
线程：进程中的执行单元（作用：提升应用程序的执行效率）（官方概念：在进程中负责具体代码的执行，一个进程至少有一个线程。）
并行：两个应用程序跑在两个不同的核上同时进行
并发：交叉交替执行的任务

二实现线程的方法

方法一：
创建一个类，继承Thread类，重写run方法，再调用start方法（单继承，有限制，有开辟线程的能力，资源共享方面不是很方便）

代码演示一：
MyThread类

public class MyThread extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        run1();
    }
    
    public void run1(){
        for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
            System.out.println("MyThread---->" + i);
        }
    }
}

ThreadDemo类

package ThreadDemo;
 
public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
        myThread.start();
        for(int i = 0; i< 100; i++){
            System.out.println("main---->" + i);
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

package ThreadDemo;

public class ThreadDemo {
public static void main(String [] args){
MyThread myThread = new MyThread();
myThread.start();
for(int i = 0; i< 100; i++){
System.out.println(“main---->” + i);
}
}
}
运行结果：

代码演示二：
TicketsThread类

public class TicketsThread extends Thread{
    private int num;
    public  TicketsThread(){}
    public TicketsThread(int num){
        this.num = num;
    }
 
    public void setNum(int num){
        this.num = num;
    }
    public int getNum(){
        return this.num;
    }
 
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while(this.num > 0){
            sale();
        }
    }
    public void sale(){
        this.num = --num;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "Thread--->剩余票数：" + this.num);
        this.setNum(num);
    }
}

ThreadDemo类

public class ThreadDemo {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        TicketsThread ticketsThread = new TicketsThread(1000);
        ticketsThread.start();
        while(ticketsThread.getNum() > 0){
            ticketsThread.sale();
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

方法二：
实现Runnable接口，重新run方法。在传给Thread构造器，调用时调用Thread的start方法。（多实现，更灵活，推荐使用，没有开辟线程的能力，要将创建的对象交给指定线程来运行）。

代码演示：
RunnableTest类

public class RunnableTest implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++){
            System.out.println("分支线程" + i);
        }
    }
}

Test类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        RunnableTest1 r1 = new RunnableTest1();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(r1);
        t1.start();
        RunnableTest1 r2 = new RunnableTest1(){
            @Override
            public void run(){
                for(int i = 0; i< 100;i++){
                    System.out.println("main线程" + i);
                }
            }
        }; // 内部类
        Thread t2 = new Thread(r2);
        t2.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

三、多线程实现售票

Tickets类

public class Tickets extends Thread{
 
    private int num;
 
    public Tickets(){}
 
    public Tickets(int num){
        this.num = num;
    }
 
    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }
 
    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
}

Operate类

public class Operate {
 
    private Tickets tickets;
 
    public Operate(Tickets tickets){
        this.tickets = tickets;
    }
 
    public void sale(){
        synchronized (this){ //  synchronized   锁    同步    只能锁对象
            try{
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if(tickets.getNum() > 0){
            int num = tickets.getNum();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 正在售卖 " + tickets.getNum() + " 张票，剩余 " + (tickets.getNum() - 1));
            num--;
            tickets.setNum(num);
        }
    }
}

Test类

public class Test {
    public static void main(String [] args){
        Tickets tickets = new Tickets(100);
        Operate operate = new Operate(tickets);
 
        new Thread(() -> {
            while(tickets.getNum() > 0) operate.sale();
        },"窗口一").start();
 
        new Thread(() -> {
            while(tickets.getNum() > 0) operate.sale();
        },"窗口二").start();
 
        new Thread(() -> {
            while(tickets.getNum() > 0) operate.sale();
        },"窗口三").start();
    }
}

运行结果：