GPIO输出笔记

• GPIO(general Purpose Input Outpur)

• STM32可配置为8中输入输出模式

• STM32引脚电平:0V~3.3V,部分引脚可容忍5V

GPIO位结构电路示意图

 GPIO的8种模式

模式名称	性质	特征
浮空输入	数字量输入	可读取引脚电平,若引脚悬空,则电平不确定
上拉输入	数字量输入	可读取引脚电平,内部连接上拉电阻,悬空时默认高电平
下拉输入	数字量输入	可读取引脚电平,内部连接下拉电阻,悬空时默认低电平
模拟输入	模拟量输入	GPIO无效,引脚直接接入内部ADC
开漏输出	数字量输出	可输出引脚电平,高电平为高阻态,低电平接VSS(0V)
推挽输出	数字量输出	可输出引脚电平,高电平接VDD,低电平接VSS
复用开漏输出	数字量输出	由片上外设控制,高电平为高阻态,低电平接VSS
复用推挽输出	数字量输出	由片上外设控制,高电平接VDD,低电平接VSS

浮空/上拉/下拉输入

         当两开关都断开时即为浮空,开关接通VDD即为上拉，开关接通VSS即为下拉。其中TTL肖特基触发器为施密特触发器，用于滤波整型。

开漏/推挽输出

         开漏输出时，P-MOS断开只有N-MOS有效高电平时为高阻态，可外接上拉电阻输出5V高电平兼容其他电平协议的设备也可用于模拟通讯协议和时序。推挽输出时两只MOS均有效，STM32对IO口享有绝对的控制权所以推挽输出模式又称为强推模式。

复用开漏/推挽输出

        与普通开漏/推挽输出的区别在于控制权转移到了片上外设，同时此模式下还可复用来接收引脚电平信号。  

常见的RCC库函数介绍

void RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_AHBPeriph, FunctionalState NewState);

void RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_AHBPeriph, FunctionalState NewState);
/**
  * @brief  Enables or disables the AHB peripheral clock.
  * @param  RCC_AHBPeriph: specifies the AHB peripheral to gates its clock.
  *   
  *   For @b STM32_Connectivity_line_devices, this parameter can be any combination
  *   of the following values:        
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA2
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_SRAM
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_FLITF
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_CRC
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_OTG_FS    
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_ETH_MAC   
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_ETH_MAC_Tx
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_ETH_MAC_Rx
  * 
  *   For @b other_STM32_devices, this parameter can be any combination of the 
  *   following values:        
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA2
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_SRAM
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_FLITF
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_CRC
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_FSMC
  *     @arg RCC_AHBPeriph_SDIO
  *   
  * @note SRAM and FLITF clock can be disabled only during sleep mode.
  * @param  NewState: new state of the specified peripheral clock.
  *   This parameter can be: ENABLE or DISABLE.
  * @retval None
  */

void RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_APB2Periph, FunctionalState NewState);

void RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_APB2Periph, FunctionalState NewState);
/**
  * @brief  Enables or disables the High Speed APB (APB2) peripheral clock.
  * @param  RCC_APB2Periph: specifies the APB2 peripheral to gates its clock.
  *   This parameter can be any combination of the following values:
  *     @arg RCC_APB2Periph_AFIO, RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB,
  *          RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC, RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOD, RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOE,
  *          RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOF, RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOG, RCC_APB2Periph_ADC1,
  *          RCC_APB2Periph_ADC2, RCC_APB2Periph_TIM1, RCC_APB2Periph_SPI1,
  *          RCC_APB2Periph_TIM8, RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, RCC_APB2Periph_ADC3,
  *          RCC_APB2Periph_TIM15, RCC_APB2Periph_TIM16, RCC_APB2Periph_TIM17,
  *          RCC_APB2Periph_TIM9, RCC_APB2Periph_TIM10, RCC_APB2Periph_TIM11     
  * @param  NewState: new state of the specified peripheral clock.
  *   This parameter can be: ENABLE or DISABLE.
  * @retval None
  */

void RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_APB1Periph, FunctionalState NewState);

void RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(uint32_t RCC_APB1Periph, FunctionalState NewState);
/**
  * @brief  Enables or disables the Low Speed APB (APB1) peripheral clock.
  * @param  RCC_APB1Periph: specifies the APB1 peripheral to gates its clock.
  *   This parameter can be any combination of the following values:
  *     @arg RCC_APB1Periph_TIM2, RCC_APB1Periph_TIM3, RCC_APB1Periph_TIM4,
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_TIM5, RCC_APB1Periph_TIM6, RCC_APB1Periph_TIM7,
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_WWDG, RCC_APB1Periph_SPI2, RCC_APB1Periph_SPI3,
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_USART2, RCC_APB1Periph_USART3, RCC_APB1Periph_USART4, 
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_USART5, RCC_APB1Periph_I2C1, RCC_APB1Periph_I2C2,
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_USB, RCC_APB1Periph_CAN1, RCC_APB1Periph_BKP,
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_PWR, RCC_APB1Periph_DAC, RCC_APB1Periph_CEC,
  *          RCC_APB1Periph_TIM12, RCC_APB1Periph_TIM13, RCC_APB1Periph_TIM14
  * @param  NewState: new state of the specified peripheral clock.
  *   This parameter can be: ENABLE or DISABLE.
  * @retval None
  */

常见的GPIO库函数介绍

void GPIO_DeInit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx);

void GPIO_DeInit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx)；
/** @defgroup GPIO_Private_FunctionPrototypes
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup GPIO_Private_Functions
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Deinitializes the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @retval None
  */

void GPIO_AFIODeInit(void);

void GPIO_AFIODeInit(void)；
/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup GPIO_Private_Macros
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup GPIO_Private_Variables
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup GPIO_Private_FunctionPrototypes
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @}
  */

/** @defgroup GPIO_Private_Functions
  * @{
  */

/**
  * @brief  Deinitializes the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @retval None
  */

void GPIO_Init(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, GPIO_InitTypeDef* GPIO_InitStruct);

void GPIO_Init(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, GPIO_InitTypeDef* GPIO_InitStruct);
/**
  * @brief  Initializes the GPIOx peripheral according to the specified
  *         parameters in the GPIO_InitStruct.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  GPIO_InitStruct: pointer to a GPIO_InitTypeDef structure that
  *         contains the configuration information for the specified GPIO peripheral.
  * @retval None
  */

void GPIO_StructInit(GPIO_InitTypeDef* GPIO_InitStruct);

void GPIO_StructInit(GPIO_InitTypeDef* GPIO_InitStruct);

/**
  * @brief  Fills each GPIO_InitStruct member with its default value.
  * @param  GPIO_InitStruct : pointer to a GPIO_InitTypeDef structure which will
  *         be initialized.
  * @retval None
  */

uint8_t GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);

uint8_t GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);

/**
  * @brief  Reads the specified input port pin.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin:  specifies the port bit to read.
  *   This parameter can be GPIO_Pin_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @retval The input port pin value.
  */

uint16_t GPIO_ReadInputData(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx);

uint16_t GPIO_ReadInputData(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx);
/**
  * @brief  Reads the specified GPIO input data port.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @retval GPIO input data port value.
  */

uint8_t GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);

uint8_t GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)；
/**
  * @brief  Reads the specified output data port bit.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin:  specifies the port bit to read.
  *   This parameter can be GPIO_Pin_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @retval The output port pin value.
  */

uint16_t GPIO_ReadOutputData(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx);

uint16_t GPIO_ReadOutputData(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx);

/**
  * @brief  Reads the specified GPIO output data port.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @retval GPIO output data port value.
  */

void GPIO_SetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);

void GPIO_SetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);
/**
  * @brief  Sets the selected data port bits.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: specifies the port bits to be written.
  *   This parameter can be any combination of GPIO_Pin_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @retval None
  */

void GPIO_ResetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);

void GPIO_ResetBits(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin);
/**
  * @brief  Clears the selected data port bits.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: specifies the port bits to be written.
  *   This parameter can be any combination of GPIO_Pin_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @retval None
  */

void GPIO_WriteBit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin, BitAction BitVal);

void GPIO_WriteBit(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin, BitAction BitVal);
/**
  * @brief  Sets or clears the selected data port bit.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  GPIO_Pin: specifies the port bit to be written.
  *   This parameter can be one of GPIO_Pin_x where x can be (0..15).
  * @param  BitVal: specifies the value to be written to the selected bit.
  *   This parameter can be one of the BitAction enum values:
  *     @arg Bit_RESET: to clear the port pin
  *     @arg Bit_SET: to set the port pin
  * @retval None
  */

void GPIO_Write(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t PortVal);

void GPIO_Write(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t PortVal);
/**
  * @brief  Writes data to the specified GPIO data port.
  * @param  GPIOx: where x can be (A..G) to select the GPIO peripheral.
  * @param  PortVal: specifies the value to be written to the port output data register.
  * @retval None
  */