HCIA简单实验复习

目录

一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

三、实验步骤

1、分配IP地址

2、配置路由器接口IP地址和环回接口

3、内网静态路由全网通：

4、公网通

5、配置防环机制

6、内网访问公网（NAT）

7、远程登陆到R1

8、浮动静态路由

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一、实验拓扑

二、实验需求

1、R6为ISP，接口IP地址均为公有地址，该设备只能配置IP地址，之后不能再对其进行任何配置；

2、R1-R5为局域网，私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24，请合理分配；

3、R1、R2、R4，各有两个环回IP地址；R5,R6各有一个环回地址；所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口；

4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址；

5、选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路；

6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回；

7、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时，实际登录到R1上；

8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路，故障时通过100m链路；

三、实验步骤

1、分配IP地址

192.168.1.0/24 

（1）192.168.1.0000 0000 192.168.1.0 /27—骨干链路网段

192.168.1.0000 0000 192.168.1.0 /30—AR1-AR2

192.168.1.0000 0100 192.168.1.4 /30—AR2-AR4

192.168.1.0000 1000 192.168.1.8 /30—AR1-AR3

192.168.1.0000 1100 192.168.1.12/30—AR3-AR4

192.168.1.0001 0000 192.168.1.16/30—AR4-AR5

192.168.1.0001 0100 192.168.1.20/30—AR4-AR5

（2）192.168.1.0010 0000 192.168.1.32/27—AR1环回

192.168.1.0010 0000 192.168.1.32/28—L0

192.168.1.0011 0000 192.168.1.48/28—L1

（3）192.168.1.0100 0000 192.168.1.64/27—AR2环回

192.168.1.0100 0000 192.168.1.64/28—L0

192.168.1.0101 0000 192.168.1.80/28—L1

（4）192.168.1.0110 0000 192.168.1.96/27—AR3下的用户网段

（5）192.168.1.1000 0000 192.168.1.128/27—AR4环回

192.168.1.1000 0000 192.168.1.128/28—L0

192.168.1.1001 0000 192.168.1.144/28—L1

（6）192.168.1.1010 0000 192.168.1.160/27—AR5环回

2、配置路由器接口IP地址和环回接口

AR1接口ip:

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30

[AR1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

AR1环回接口：

[AR1]interface LoopBack 0

[AR1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28

[AR1]interface LoopBack 1

[AR1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

AR2接口ip：

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30

[AR2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

AR2环回接口：

[AR2]interface LoopBack 0

[AR2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28

[AR2]interface  LoopBack 1

[AR2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

AR3接口ip：

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.97 27

AR3 DHCP分发ip地址 ：

[AR3]dhcp enable

[AR3]ip pool aa

[AR3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27

[AR3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97

[AR3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 114.114.114.114

[AR3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global

AR4接口ip:

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30

[AR4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30

AR4环回接口：

[AR4]interface LoopBack 0

[AR4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28

[AR4]interface LoopBack 1

[AR4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

AR5接口ip：

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.22 30

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.0.0.1 24

AR5环回接口：

[AR5]interface LoopBack 0

[AR5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.161 27

AR6接口ip：

[AR6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 24

AR6环回接口：

[AR6]interface LoopBack 0

[AR6-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24

3、内网静态路由全网通：

AR1：

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10

AR2：

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.1

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

AR3：

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14

[AR3]ip route-static 182.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

AR4：

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.13

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

AR5：

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21

 

4、公网通

AR5：ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2

5、配置防环机制

[AR1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

[AR2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

[AR4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

6、内网访问公网（NAT）

AR5配置ACL

[AR5]acl 2000

[AR5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

[AR5-acl-basic-2000]interface g0/0/1

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000 

R1-R4配置缺省

[AR1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2

[AR1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

[AR2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

[AR3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18

7、远程登陆到R1

AR1：配置远程登陆

[AR1]aaa

[AR1-aaa]local-user huang password cipher 123 privilege level 15

[AR1-aaa]local-user huang service-type telnet

[AR1]user-interface vty 0 4

[AR1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa

将内网服务发布到公网：配置nat server

[AR5]int g0/0/1

[AR5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 inside 192.168.1.1 23

8、浮动静态路由

测试：tracert 192.168.1.161

[AR4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18 preference 61

AR5：

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17 preference 61

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17 preference 61

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17 preference 61

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17 preference 61

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17 preference 61

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17 preference 61

[AR5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17 preference 61