目录
1、AS 1中存在两个环回个地址为192.168.1.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告;
AS 3中存在两个环回个地址为192.168.2.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告,最终要求这两个环回可以ping通;
2、整个AS 2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16,请合理划分,并且其内部配置OSPF协议;
5、BGP宣告所有环回(除192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24)
一、实验拓扑
二、实验需求
1、AS 1中存在两个环回个地址为192.168.1.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告;
AS 3中存在两个环回个地址为192.168.2.0/24,该地址不能在任何协议中宣告,最终要求这两个环回可以ping通;
2、整个AS 2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16,请合理划分,并且其内部配置OSPF协议;
3、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制;
4、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问;
5、减少路由条目数量,避免环路出现;
三、实验步骤
1、配置IP地址和环回地址
R1:
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.1 32
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
R2:
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.2 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.1.21 30
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.2 32
R3:
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.1 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.5 30
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.3 32
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
R4:
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.6 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.9 30
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.4 32
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
R5:
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.168.1.22 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.17 30
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.5 32
[R5-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.5.1 24
R6:
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.18 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.13 30
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.6 32
[R6-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.6.1 24
R7:
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.14 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.10 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 34.1.1.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.7 32
[R7-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.7.1 24
R8:
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 34.1.1.8 24
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.8 32
[R8-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.2.1/24
2、AS 2内部OSPF协议
R2:
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]a 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.20 0.0.0.3
R3:
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]a 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
R4:
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]a 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.4 0.0.0.3
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.8 0.0.0.3
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
R5:
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]a 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.20 0.0.0.3
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.16 0.0.0.3
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.5 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
R6:
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]a 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.6 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.12 0.0.0.3
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.16 0.0.0.3
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
R7:
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]a 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.7 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.8 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.12 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.7.0 0.0.0.255
3、BGP建邻
(1)EBGP建邻(R4和R7可以不建邻)
R1:
[R1]bgp 1
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2
R2:
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]confederation id 2
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.22 as-number 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.22 next-hop-local
R5:
[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]confederation id 2
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 as-number 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 next-hop-local
R7:
[R7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as-number 3
R8:
[R8]bgp 3
[R8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as-number 2
(2)IBGP建邻
R2:
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface l0
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
R3:
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]confederation id 2
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface l0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface l0
R4:
[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]confederation id 2
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
R5:
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface l0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
R6:
R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]confederation id 2
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface l0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface l0
R7:
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]confederation id 2
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface l0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
出现问题
因为IGBP水平分割(学习到的IBGP邻居路由不会传递给其他IBGP邻居)导致R4和R7无法学习到路由。
4、配置反射器,解决上述问题(将R3和R6作为反射器)
R3:
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 reflect-client
R6:
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 reflect-client
5、BGP宣告所有环回(除192.168.1.0/24和192.168.2.0/24)
注:建议建邻环回不宣告(华为)
第一种:大范围宣告
(1)先配置一个防环(ip rou-sta 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0)(边界设备)
(2)在边界设备:network 172.16.0.0 16
[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 16
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[R7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 16
第二种:挨个宣告
[R3-bgp]network 172.16.3.0 24
[R4-bgp]network 172.16.4.0 24
[R5-bgp]network 172.16.5.0 24
[R6-bgp]network 172.16.6.0 24
[R7-bgp]network 172.16.7.0 24
6、R1和环回和R8的环回互访(VPN隧道)
R1:
[R1]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.8
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 10.1.1.8
R8:
[R8]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.8 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.1
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 10.1.1.1