upper_bound()函数

找到第一个满足大于的值或者不满足规则的数

创建比较函数cmp和值value；

upper_bound(first, last, value，（cmp）)

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
ForwardIterator upper_bound (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& val)
{
    ForwardIterator it;
    iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::difference_type count, step;
    count = std::distance(first,last);
    while (count>0)
    {
        it = first; step=count/2; std::advance (it,step);
        if (!(val<*it))  // 或者 if (!comp(val,*it)), 对应第二种语法格式
            { first=++it; count-=step+1;  }
        else count=step;
    }
    return first;
}

找到第一个不小于value的数

lower_bound(first，last，value，（cmp）)

template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
ForwardIterator lower_bound (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& val)
{
    ForwardIterator it;
    iterator_traits<ForwardIterator>::difference_type count, step;
    count = distance(first,last);
    while (count>0)
    {
        it = first; step=count/2; advance (it,step);
        if (*it<val) {  //或者 if (comp(*it,val))，对应第 2 种语法格式
            first=++it;
            count-=step+1;
        }
        else count=step;
    }
    return first;
}