静态路由配置实验

1：拓扑图示例

2：要求和分析

1：全网用192.168.1.0/24进行地址分配：进行网段划分 （VLSM技术）

2：R5作为DHCP服务器为PC分配IP地址：在GE0/0/2接口开启DHCP服务并创建、配置地址池

3：路由上均具备2个环回地址：继续划分网段并可以形成等价路由实现负载均衡

4：R4和R5之间正常走1000M，备份走100M：使用浮动路由，调低100M的优先级即可

5：全网尽量负载均衡：多利用等效路由

6：减少路由表数量并避免环路产生：利用缺省路由减少路由表数量，在黑洞路由器上添加空接口避免环路

7：全网可达：完成以上部分要求即可实现，通过其余要求达成优化

8：设置空接口防环

3：IP规划

整个拓扑由骨干链路和多个环回组成，进行网段划分

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.0/27		---骨干链路
	192.168.1.0/30
	192.168.1.4/30
	192.168.1.8/30
	192.168.1.12/30
	192.168.1.16/30
	192.168.1.20/30
	192.168.1.24/30
	192.168.1.28/30
         汇总为192.168.1.24/29满足右方IP需求
192.168.1.32/27		---R1环回
   192.168.1.32/28
   192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.64/27		---R2环回
   192.168.1.64/28
   192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.96/27		---R3环回
   192.168.1.96/28
   192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.128/27	       ---R4环回
   192.168.1.128/28
   192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.160/27	       ---R5环回
   192.168.1.160/28
   192.168.1.176/28
192.168.1.192/27	---保留地址
192.168.1.224/27	---保留地址
    汇总为192.168.1.192/26接空接口防环

4：配置

AR1：

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[r1]int LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[r1-LoopBack1]q
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0    ---防止自身某网段被删除导致成环

AR2：

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sy r2
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-LoopBack1]q
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0   ---防止自身某网段被删除导致成环

AR3：

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sy r3
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[r3-LoopBack1]q
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0   ---防止自身某网段被删除导致成环

AR4：

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sy r4
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int l 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 90 ---修改优先级实现浮动路由
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 27 NULL 0   ---防止自身某网段被删除导致成环

AR5：

<Huawei>sys
[Huawei]sy r5
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.25 29
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
[r5]int l 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
[r5-LoopBack0]int l 1
[r5-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.161/28
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 preference 90---静态路由俩边需同时改动优先级
[r5]dhcp enable
[r5]ip pool 1
[r5-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.24 mask 29
[r5-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.25
[r5-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[r5-ip-pool-1]q
[r5]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 26 NULL 0    ---接上由保留地址所汇总的空接口防止环路产生
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 NULL 0    ---防止自身某网段被删除导致成环

5：测试

R1：

R2

R3

R4

R5

PING测试
PC1pingR1环回

PC1pingR1接口

PC1pingR2环回

PC1pingR3环回

PC1pingR4环回

PC1pingR5环回

验证空接口防环是否成功

删除R3的L0接口后用PC1ping192.168.1.97并抓包查看是否形成环路