java 学习
前言
提示:图片均截至b站尚硅谷java基础添加链接描述
提示:以下是本篇文章正文内容,下面案例可供参考
一,1.快捷键
- Ctrl+z:撤销
- Alt+f4:关闭窗口
- shift+delete:永久删除
- windows+r:命令窗口
- alt+tab:切换窗口
- ctrl+shift+esc:任务管理器
2.Dos命令
- 盘符切换 D:回车
- .dir回车:查看当前目录下的所有文件
- cd/d:切换目录
- cls :清理屏幕
- ipconfig : 查看电脑ip
- md :创建目录
- rd :删除目录
- cd…:退回到上级目录
- cd\ : 退回到根目录
- del: 删除文件
- exit:退出dos命令行
二、java
(一).基础语法
1.helloworld
package newlearn.hello;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub main方法是程序的入口
System.out.println("hello,world");
}
}
注意:public只能加到与文件名相同的类上
System.out.println()换行
System.out.print()不换行
2.注释
1.单行注释://
2.多行注释:/* /
3.文档注释(java特有)/* */
3.Java数据类型
1.基本数据类型:
(1)数值型:整数类型(byte(一个字节-128—127),shot(2个字节),int(4) ,long(8))
浮点类型(float(4),double(8))
(2)字符型(char)
(3)布尔型(boolean)
2.引用数据类型:
(1) 类(class)
(2)接口(interface)
(3)数组([])
class Variable{
public static void main(String[] args){
byte a=12;
System.out.println(a);
short b=128;
int c=123;
long d = 1234567L;//要写“l”或者“L”
System.out.println(d);
double e=123.1;
System.out.println(e);
float f=12.5F;//要写“f”或者“F”
System.out.println(f);
}
}
编码GBK的不可映射字符解决办法
3.自动数据类型转换
byte short int long float double(当容量小的数据变量做运算时结果自动提升为容量大的数据变量)
当byte,char,short三种类型的变量做运算时,结果为int型
4.强制类型转换
class Variable{
public static void main(String[] args){
double a = 12.9;
int b = (int)a; //截断操作;
System.out.println(b);
}
}
5.String
class StringTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
String a = "hello";
System.out.println(a);
int number = 10001;
String numberstr = "学号:";
String info = numberstr + number;
System.out.println(info);
}
}
Stringf可以做8种运算且运算只能是连接运算运算结果依然是String
-2是整形应该为int
6.标识符的命名规则(自己可以起名字的地方)
- 标识符应以字母、下划线或美元符开头,后面可以跟字母、下划线、美元符或数字。 标识符是大小写敏感的,长度没有限制。
- 在Java中,可以用作标识符的有26个英文字母(大写和小写)、数字、下划线和美元符号$,但不能以数字开头。
- 类名的首字母必须大写,如果由多个单词组成,每个单词的首字母都要大写。
- 方法名一般以小写字母开头(构造方法是个例外),如果由多个单词组成,后面的单词的首字母要大写。 变量的命名规则和方法名相同。
- 注意,不能使用Java中的关键字作为标识符。
- Java语言有51个关键字,其中const和goto虽然被保留但未使用。你不能使用保留关键字来命名类、方法或变量。
- 数据类型、流程控制、修饰符、动作和保留字都是Java中的关键字。 总体上说,Java是大小写敏感的,即区分大小写。
7.标识符的命名规范
包名:xxxyyyzzz
类名,接口名:XxxYyyZzz
变量名,方法名:xxxYyyZzz
常量名:xxx_yyy_zzz
8.关键字
4.运算符
1.算数运算符
class AriTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.out.println("Hello World!");
int num1 = 12;
int num2 = 5;
int result1 = num1 / num2;
System.out.println(result1);//2
double result2 = num1 / num2;
System.out.println(result2);//2.0
double result3 = num1 / num2 + 0.0;//2.0
System.out.println(result3);
double result4 = num1 / (num2 + 0.0);//2.4
System.out.println(result4);
double result5 = (double)num1 / num2;//2.4
System.out.println(result5);
double result6 = (double)(num1 / num2);//2.0
System.out.println(result6);
}
}
取模结果的符号与被模符号相同
前++(先+1,再运算),和后++的区别(先运算,后+1)
class AriTest1{
public static void main (String[] args)
{
int a1 = 10;
int b1 = ++a1;
System.out.println("a1 = " + a1+",b1 = "+b1);
int a2 = 10;
int b2 = a2++;
System.out.println("a2 = "+a2+",b2 = "+b2);
}
}
a1 = 11,b1 = 11
a2 = 11,b2 = 10
2.逻辑运算符
区别&与&&
相同点1.&与&&运算结果相同
相同点2.当符号左边是true是,二者都会执行符号右边的运算
不同点:当符号左边是false时,&继续执行符号右边的运算,&&不再执行
class LogicTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
boolean b1 = true;
b1 = false;
int num1 = 10;
if(b1&(num1++>0)){
System.out.println("我现在在北京");
} else{
System.out.println("我现在在南京");
}
System.out.println("num1 = "+num1);//num1 = 11
boolean b2 = true;
b2 = false;
int num2 = 10;
if(b2 && (num2++ > 0)){
System.out.println("我现在在北京");
} else{
System.out.println("我现在在南京");
}
System.out.println("num2 = "+num2);//num2= 10
}
}
运行结果
区别|与||
相同点1.|与||运算结果相同
相同点2.当符号左边是false时,二者都会执行符号右边的运算
不同点:当符号左边是true时,|继续执行符号右边的运算,||不再执行
3.位运算符
在一定范围内<<向左移一位相当于*2,>>向右移一位相当于/2
& | ^
4.三元运算符
(条件表达式)?表达式1:表达式2
class SanYuanTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
int n1 = 12;
int n2 = 30;
int n3 = -43; //找三个数中最大的数
int max1 = (n1 > n2)?n1:n2;
int max2 = (max1 > n3)?max1:n3;
System.out.println("三个数中最大值为:" + max2);
}
}
5.流程控制
(1)if–else
练习一(三个数排序)
import java.util.Scanner;
class Text{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入第一个数:");
int a = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入第二个整数:");
int b = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入第三个整数:");
int c = scanner.nextInt();
if(a>=b){
if(c>=a) System.out.println(b+","+a+","+c);
else if(c<=b) System.out.println(c+","+b+","+a);
else System.out.println(b+","+c+","+a);
}else{
if(c>=b)System.out.println(a+","+b+","+c);
else if(c<=a)System.out.println(c+","+a+","+b);
else System.out.println(a+","+c+","+b);
}
}
}
(1)switch-case
class SwitchCaseTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
int number = 2;
switch(number){
case 0:
System.out.println("zero");
break;
case 1:
System.out.println("one");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("two");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("three");
break;
default:
System.out.println("other");
}
}
}
6.使用Scanner从键盘输入
import java.util.Scanner;
class ScannerTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = scan.nextInt();
System.out.println(num);
}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
class ScannerTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入你的姓名:");
String name = scan.next();
System.out.println(name);
System.out.println("请输入你的芳龄:");
int age = scan.nextInt();
System.out.println(age);
System.out.println("请输入你的体重:");
double weight = scan.nextDouble();
System.out.println(weight);
System.out.println("你是否像中我了呢?");
boolean islove = scan.nextBoolean();
System.out.println(islove);
System.out.println("请输入你的性别:");
String gender = scan.next();
char genderChar = gender.charAt(0);//获取索引为0位置的字符
System.out.println(genderChar);
}
}
6.循环结构
1.for循环
class Fortest{
public static void main(String[] args){
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
}
练习1
class ForTest1
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
for(int i = 1;i <= 150;i++){
System.out.print(i+" ");
if(i%3==0){
System.out.print("foo ");
}
if(i%5==0){
System.out.print("biz ");
}
if(i%7==0){
System.out.print("baz ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
练习2.找最大公约数和最小公倍数
import java.util.Scanner;
class ForTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入第一个正整数:");
int m = scan.nextInt();
System.out.println("请输入第二个正整数:");
int n = scan.nextInt();
//获取最大公约数
int min = (m<=n)?m:n;
for(int i = min;i>=1;i--){
if(m%i ==0&&n%i==0){
System.out.println(i);
break;
}
}
//获取最小公倍数
int max = (m>=n)?m:n;
for(int i=max;i<=m*n;i++){
if(i%m==0&&i%n==0){
System.out.println(i);
break;
}
}
}
}
2.while循环
练习1
import java.util.Scanner;
//遍历100以内的所有的偶数
class WhileTest{
public static void main(String [] args){
int i= 1;
while(i<=100){
if(i%2==0){
System.out.println(i);
}
i++;
}
}
}
3.do-while循环
class DoWhileTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
int num = 1;
do{
if(num%2==0){
System.out.println(num);
}
num++;
}while(num <= 100);
}
}
forwhileTest
import java.util.Scanner;
class ForWhileTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
int positiveNumber = 0;//正数
int negativeNumber = 0;//负数
while(true){
int number = scan.nextInt();
if(number > 0){
positiveNumber++;
}
else if(number < 0){
negativeNumber++;
}
else{
break;
}
}
System.out.println("输入的正数的个数为:"+positiveNumber);
System.out.println("输入的负数的个数为:"+negativeNumber);
}
九九乘法表
class NineNineTable{
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Hello World");
for(int i =1;i<=9;i++){
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
System.out.print(i + "*" +j+"="+(i*j)+" ");
}System.out.println();
}
}
}
100以内的素数
class PrimeNumberTest{
public static void main(String[] args){
long start = System.currentTimeMillis;
for(int i = 2;i<=100;i++){
boolean isflag = true;
for(int j = 2;j<i;j++){ //j <=Math.sqrt(i);
if(i%j==0){
isflag = false;
break;
}
}
if(isflag==true){
System.out.println(i);
}
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis;
System.out.println("所花费的时间为:"+(end-start));
}
}
(二).数组
public class ArrayTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num;//声明
num = 10;//初始化
int id = 1001;//声明+初始化
int[] ids;
//静态初始化
ids = new int[] {1001,1002,1003,1004};
//动态初始化
String[] names = new String[5];
//用脚标方式调用
names[0] = "张";
names[1] = "李";
names[2] = "赵";
names[3] = "钱";
names[4] = "孙";
//获取数组的长度;
System.out.println(names.length);
System.out.println(ids.length);
//遍历数组
for(int i = 0;i <names.length ;i++) {
System.out.println(names[i]);
}
//数组元素的默认初始化值是int,short0,
//float是0.0,char是0;
//boolean是false
//String是null
}
}
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ArrayTest1 {
public static void main(String [] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("输入学生人数");
int number = scanner.nextInt();
int [] scores = new int[number];
System.out.println("输入学生成绩");
for(int i = 0;i<scores.length;i++) {
scores[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}
//获取数组中元素的最大值
int max =0;
for(int i= 0;i<scores.length ;i++) {
if(max<scores[i]) {
max = scores[i];
}
}
System.out.println(max);
}
}
public class ArrayTest2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = new int [] {1,2,3};
//静态初始化
int[][] arr1 = new int[][] {{1,2,3},{4,5},{6,7,8}};
//动态初始化
String[][] arr2 = new String[3][2];
System.out.println(arr1.length);
System.out.println(arr1[1].length);
}
}
1.数组应用
public class ArrayTest3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = new int [] { 8,2,1,0,3};
int[] index = new int[] {2,0,3,2,4,0,1,3,2,3,3};
String tel = "";
for(int i =0;i<index.length;i++) {
tel+=arr[index[i]];
}
System.out.println("联系方式:" + tel);//
}
}
public class ArrayTest4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] arr1 = new int[][] {{1,2,3},{4,5},{6,7,8}};
//调用二位数组
System.out.println(arr1[0][1]);
//如何获取数组的长度
System.out.println(arr1.length);//3
System.out.println(arr1[0].length);//3
System.out.println(arr1[1].length);//2
//如何遍历二维数组
for(int i=0;i <arr1.length;i++) {
for(int j = 0;j<arr1[i].length;j++) {
System.out.print(arr1[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
/*1 2 3
4 5
6 7 8
*/
2.计算数组总和
package com.atguigu.java;
public class Arry {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int[][] arr = new int[][] {{3,5,8},{12,9},{7,0,6,4}};
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 0;i<arr.length;i++) {
for(int j = 0;j<arr[i].length;j++) {
sum+=arr[i][j];
}
}System.out.println("总和为:"+sum);
}
}
3.杨辉三角
public class YangHui {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][]yanghui = new int[10][];
//给数组元素赋值
for(int i = 0;i<yanghui.length;i++ ) {
yanghui[i] = new int[i+1];
yanghui[i][0]=1;
yanghui[i][i]=1;
if(i>1) {
for(int j=1;j<yanghui[i].length-1;j++) {
yanghui[i][j] = yanghui[i-1][j-1]+yanghui[i-1][j];
}
}
}
//遍历
for(int i = 0;i<yanghui.length;i++) {
for(int j= 0;j<yanghui[i].length;j++) {
System.out.print(yanghui[i][j]+" ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
4.随机数里面取最大的
public class algorithm {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Math.random()*(99-10+1)+10
int[] arr =new int[10];
for(int i =0;i<arr.length;i++) {
arr[i]=(int)(Math.random()*(99-10+1));
}
int max =0;
for(int i =0;i<arr.length;i++) {
if(max<arr[i]) {
max = arr[i];
}
}
System.out.println("最大值为:"+max);
}
}
5.数组反转
public class algorithm1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[]arr = new String[] {"JJ","DD","MM","BB","GG","AA"};
//数组的反转
for(int i=0;i<arr.length/2;i++) {
String temp =arr[i];
arr[i]=arr[arr.length-i-1];
arr[arr.length-i-1]=temp;
}
for(int i = 0;i<arr.length;i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i]+"\t");
}
}
}
6.线性查找
boolean flag = true;
String dest ="BB";
for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++) {
if(dest.equals(arr[i])) {
flag = false;
System.out.println("找到了,位置"+i);
break;
}
}
if(flag) {
System.out.println("没找到");
}
7.二分查找
public static void main(String[] args) {
int [] arr2 = new int[]{-98,-34,2,34,54,66,79,105,210,333};
int dest = 34;
int head = 0;
int end = arr2.length - 1;
while(head<=end) {
int middle = (head + end)/2;
if(dest ==arr2[middle]) {
System.out.println("找到了指定元素,位置为:"+middle);
break;
}
else if(arr2[middle]>dest) {
end = middle-1;
}
else {
head = middle+1;
}
}
}
8.冒泡排序
public static void main(String[]args) {
//冒泡排序
int []arr = new int[] {43,32,76,-98,0,64,33,-21,32,99};
for(int i = 0;i<arr.length-1;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<arr.length-1-i;j++) {
if(arr[j]>arr[j +1]) {
int temp =arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
for(int i=0;i<arr.length-1;i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i]+" ");
}
}
9.Arrys用法
public class ArrysTestjava {
public static void main(String[]args) {
//判断两个类型的数学组是否相等
int []arr1 = new int[] {1,2,3,4};
int []arr2 = new int[] {1,3,2,4};
boolean isEquals = Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2);
System.out.println(isEquals);
//输出数组信息
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr1));
//将指定值填充到数组之中
Arrays.fill(arr2,5);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr2));
//对数组进行排序
Arrays.sort(arr1);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr1));
//二分查找
int[]arr3 = new int[] {-22,-34,-12,4,57,45,67,56,99};
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(arr3, 57);
System.out.println(index);
}
}
(三)面向对象(上)
类和对象的使用(面向对象)
1.创建类,设计类的对象
2.创建类的对象
3.通过“对象.属性”或“对象.方法"调用对象的结构
public class PersonTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建Person类的对象
Person p1 = new Person();
//Scanner scanner = newSanner(System.in);
//调用对象的结构,属性,方法
//调用属性
p1.name = "Tom";
p1.isMale = true;
System.out.println(p1.name);
//调用方法
p1.eat();
p1.talk("Chinese");
p1.sleep();
}
}
class Person{
//属性(成员变量)
String name;
int age = 1;
boolean isMale;
//方法 = 成员方法 = 函数 = method
public void eat() {
System.out.println("人可以吃饭");
}
public void sleep() {
System.out.println("人可以睡觉");
}
public void talk(String language) {
System.out.println("人可以说话,使用的是:"+language);
}
}
```java
class Customer{
String name;
int age;
boolean isMale;
public void eat() {
System.out.println("客户吃饭");
}
public void sleep(int hour) {
System.out.println("休息了"+hour+"个小时");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public String getNation(String nation) {
String info = "我的国籍是:"+nation;
return info;
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
class ProductCategory {
private String categoryName;
public ProductCategory(String categoryName) {
this.categoryName = categoryName;
}
public String getCategoryName() {
return categoryName;
}
}
class Product {
private int productId;
private String productName;
private double price;
public Product(int productId, String productName, double price) {
this.productId = productId;
this.productName = productName;
this.price = price;
}
public int getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public String getProductName() {
return productName;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
}
public class EcommercePlatform {
private static List<ProductCategory> categories = new ArrayList<>();
private static List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
private static int productIdCounter = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("电商购物平台");
System.out.println("1. 添加商品类目");
System.out.println("2. 添加商品");
System.out.println("3. 修改商品信息");
System.out.println("4. 查询商品信息");
System.out.println("5. 退出");
System.out.print("请选择操作:");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
switch (choice) {
case 1:
System.out.print("请输入商品类目名称:");
String categoryName = scanner.nextLine();
ProductCategory category = new ProductCategory(categoryName);
categories.add(category);
System.out.println("商品类目添加成功!");
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("请输入商品名称:");
String productName = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("请输入商品价格:");
double price = scanner.nextDouble();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
Product product = new Product(productIdCounter++, productName, price);
products.add(product);
System.out.println("商品添加成功!");
break;
case 3:
System.out.print("请输入要修改的商品ID:");
int productIdToUpdate = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
Product productToUpdate = findProductById(productIdToUpdate);
if (productToUpdate != null) {
System.out.print("请输入新的商品名称:");
productName = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("请输入新的商品价格:");
price = scanner.nextDouble();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
productToUpdate = new Product(productToUpdate.getProductId(), productName, price);
products.set(products.indexOf(findProductById(productIdToUpdate.getProductId())), productToUpdate);
System.out.println("商品信息修改成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("商品不存在!");
}
break;
case 4:
System.out.print("请输入要查询的商品ID:");
int productIdToQuery = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
Product productToQuery = findProductById(productIdToQuery);
if (productToQuery != null) {
System.out.println("商品ID: " + productToQuery.getProductId());
System.out.println("商品名称: " + productToQuery.getProductName());
System.out.println("商品价格: " + productToQuery.getPrice());
} else {
System.out.println("商品不存在!");
}
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("感谢使用电商购物平台!");
scanner.close();
System.exit(0);
default:
System.out.println("无效选项,请重新选择!");
}
}
}
private static Product findProductById(int productId) {
for (Product product : products) {
if (product.getProductId() == productId) {
return product;
}
}
return null;
}
}
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
class ProductCategory {
private String categoryName;
public ProductCategory(String categoryName) {
this.categoryName = categoryName;
}
public String getCategoryName() {
return categoryName;
}
}
class Product {
private int productId;
private String productName;
private double price;
public Product(int productId, String productName, double price) {
this.productId = productId;
this.productName = productName;
this.price = price;
}
public int getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public String getProductName() {
return productName;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
}
public class EcommercePlatform {
private static List<ProductCategory> categories = new ArrayList<>();
private static List<Product> products = new ArrayList<>();
private static int productIdCounter = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
System.out.println("电商购物平台");
System.out.println("1. 添加商品类目");
System.out.println("2. 添加商品");
System.out.println("3. 修改商品信息");
System.out.println("4. 查询商品信息");
System.out.println("5. 退出");
System.out.print("请选择操作:");
int choice = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
switch (choice) {
case 1:
System.out.print("请输入商品类目名称:");
String categoryName = scanner.nextLine();
ProductCategory category = new ProductCategory(categoryName);
categories.add(category);
System.out.println("商品类目添加成功!");
break;
case 2:
System.out.print("请输入商品名称:");
String productName = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("请输入商品价格:");
double price = scanner.nextDouble();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
Product product = new Product(productIdCounter++, productName, price);
products.add(product);
System.out.println("商品添加成功!");
break;
case 3:
System.out.print("请输入要修改的商品ID:");
int productIdToUpdate = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
Product productToUpdate = findProductById(productIdToUpdate);
if (productToUpdate != null) {
System.out.print("请输入新的商品名称:");
productName = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("请输入新的商品价格:");
price = scanner.nextDouble();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
productToUpdate = new Product(productToUpdate.getProductId(), productName, price);
products.set(products.indexOf(findProductById(productIdToUpdate.getProductId())), productToUpdate);
System.out.println("商品信息修改成功!");
} else {
System.out.println("商品不存在!");
}
break;
case 4:
System.out.print("请输入要查询的商品ID:");
int productIdToQuery = scanner.nextInt();
scanner.nextLine(); // Consume newline character
Product productToQuery = findProductById(productIdToQuery);
if (productToQuery != null) {
System.out.println("商品ID: " + productToQuery.getProductId());
System.out.println("商品名称: " + productToQuery.getProductName());
System.out.println("商品价格: " + productToQuery.getPrice());
} else {
System.out.println("商品不存在!");
}
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("感谢使用电商购物平台!");
scanner.close();
System.exit(0);
default:
System.out.println("无效选项,请重新选择!");
}
}
}
private static Product findProductById(int productId) {
for (Product product : products) {
if (product.getProductId() == productId) {
return product;
}
}
return null;
}
}