如何使用乐观锁，代码演示

在项目的修改操作少的情况下使用乐观锁

演示如何通过数据版本记录机制实现乐观锁

数据库表设计

增加字段version用于记录数据的版本，在执行修改操作时必须要提供version，当提供的version与当前数据记录的version一致时才能修改成功。当修改失败时可以让version自增，重复修改操作直到修改成功，或者直接给前端返回修改失败的结果。

这是一张学生表，记录学生的信息。 

create table if not exists tb_student
(
    id          bigint auto_increment comment '主键id'
        primary key,
    name        varchar(8) not null comment '姓名',
    gender      int        not null comment '性别;1代表男，2代表女',
    age         int        not null comment '年龄',
    version     int        not null comment '版本号',
    create_time datetime   not null comment '创建时间',
    update_time datetime   not null comment '更新时间',
    constraint id
        unique (id)
)
    comment '学生表';

insert into tb_student (id, name, gender, age, version, create_time, update_time)
values (null, '艾伦', 1, 15, 0, now(), now());

entity

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class StudentEntity {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
    private Integer age;
    private Integer version; //版本号，用于乐观锁
    private LocalDateTime createTime;
    private LocalDateTime updateTime;
}

dto

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class StudentDTO {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
    private Integer age;
    private Integer version; //版本号，修改操作必须带上
}

controller

import com.demo.pojo.StudentDTO;
import com.demo.service.StudentService;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@RequestMapping("/students")
public class StudentController {

    private final StudentService studentService;

    @PutMapping("/{id}")
    public String updateStudentInfo(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody StudentDTO studentDTO) {
        try {
            studentDTO.setId(id);
            studentService.updateStudentInfo(studentDTO);
            return "修改成功！";
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            return "修改失败！";
        }
    }
}

service

import com.demo.pojo.StudentDTO;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public interface StudentService {
    void updateStudentInfo(StudentDTO studentDTO);
}

import com.demo.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.demo.pojo.StudentDTO;
import com.demo.pojo.StudentEntity;
import com.demo.service.StudentService;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

    private final StudentMapper studentMapper;

    @Transactional
    @Override
    public void updateStudentInfo(StudentDTO studentDTO) {
        StudentEntity studentEntity = new StudentEntity();
        BeanUtils.copyProperties(studentDTO, studentEntity);
        LocalDateTime now = LocalDateTime.now();
        studentEntity.setUpdateTime(now);
        Integer result = studentMapper.updateStudentInfo(studentEntity);

        //处理一：尝试重新进行修改操作
        if (result.equals(0)) {
            //修改失败
            do {
                Integer version = studentEntity.getVersion();
                version++; //版本号自增
                studentEntity.setVersion(version);
                result = studentMapper.updateStudentInfo(studentEntity);
            } while (result.equals(0));
        }

        //处理二：抛出异常，返回修改失败的异常信息
        if (result.equals(0)) {
            //修改失败
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
    }
}

mapper

import com.demo.pojo.StudentEntity;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;

@Mapper
public interface StudentMapper {
    Integer updateStudentInfo(StudentEntity studentEntity);
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.demo.mapper.StudentMapper">
    <!--根据id修改学生信息-->
    <update id="updateStudentInfo">
        update tb_student
        <set>
            <if test="name != null and name != ''">name = #{name},</if>
            <if test="gender != null">gender = #{gender},</if>
            <if test="age != null">age = #{age},</if>
            <if test="version != null">version = version + 1,</if>
            <if test="updateTime != null">update_time = #{updateTime}</if>
        </set>
        where id = #{id} and version = #{version};
    </update>
</mapper>

yml配置文件

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/demo?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&useAffectedRows=true
    username: root
    password: 123456

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml #扫描xml映射文件
  configuration:
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl #输出日志
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true #驼峰命名自动映射

logging:
  level:
    org.springframework.jdbc.support.JdbcTransactionManager: debug #事务管理日志

接下来就可以开始测试了，第一种处理方式用循环直到修改成功，第二种是抛出异常，被捕获后返回修改失败的异常信息。两种方式也可以结合起来，比如尝试重新修改一定次数后就放弃修改，返回异常信息。