dvwa-内容安全策略绕道

原理：

CSP(Content Security Policy，内容安全策略）是一种用来防止XSS攻击的手段，通过在头部Content-Security-Policy 的相关参数，来限制未知（不信任）来源的JavaScript脚本的执行，从而达到防止xss攻击的目的。一般的xss攻击，主要是通过利用函数过滤/转义输入中的特殊字符，标签，文本来应对攻击。CSP则是另外一种常用地应对XSS攻击的策略。其实质就是白名单机制，开发者明确告诉客户端，哪些外部资源可以加载和执行，等同于提供白名单。它的实现和执行全部由浏览器完成，开发者只需提供配置。

low

核心代码

<?php
 
$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'nonce-TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=';";
 
header($headerCSP);
 
// Disable XSS protections so that inline alert boxes will work
header ("X-XSS-Protection: 0");
 
# <script nonce="TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=">alert(1)</script>
 
?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    " . $_POST['include'] . "
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>Whatever you enter here gets dropped directly into the page, see if you can get an alert box to pop up.</p>
    <input size="50" type="text" name="include" value="" id="include" />
    <input type="submit" value="Include" />
</form>
';

分析：

从源代码中$headerCSP可以看出来，这里定义了几个受信任的站点，只能允许这几个站点的脚本才可以运行。当然不看源代码，直接看http头部也是可以的。

其中 pastebin.com 是一个快速分享文本内容的网站，这个内容我们是可控的，假如文本的内容是一段 JavaScript 代码，网页就会把该代码包含进来。

 medium

核心代码：

<?php
 
$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'nonce-TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=';";
 
header($headerCSP);
 
// Disable XSS protections so that inline alert boxes will work
header ("X-XSS-Protection: 0");
 
# <script nonce="TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=">alert(1)</script>
 
?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    " . $_POST['include'] . "
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>Whatever you enter here gets dropped directly into the page, see if you can get an alert box to pop up.</p>
    <input size="50" type="text" name="include" value="" id="include" />
    <input type="submit" value="Include" />
</form>
';

分析：

Csp:Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'nonce-TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=';

1.脚本来源只能是'self'

2.页面内嵌的标签和事件监听函数  

3.指定的内联脚本块

采用指定内联脚本

<script nonce="TmV2ZXIgZ29pbmcgdG8gZ2l2ZSB5b3UgdXA=">alert(/xss_medium/)</script>

 high

核心代码

 
<?php
 
$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self' https://pastebin.com hastebin.com www.toptal.com example.com code.jquery.com https://ssl.google-analytics.com ;"; // allows js from self, pastebin.com, hastebin.com, jquery and google analytics.
 
header($headerCSP);
 
# These might work if you can't create your own for some reason
# https://pastebin.com/raw/R570EE00
# https://www.toptal.com/developers/hastebin/raw/cezaruzeka
 
?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    <script src='" . $_POST['include'] . "'></script>
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>You can include scripts from external sources, examine the Content Security Policy and enter a URL to include here:</p>
    <input size="50" type="text" name="include" value="" id="include" />
    <input type="submit" value="Include" />
</form>
';

分析：

来源只能是self。

抓包，修改参数值。

 

 impossible

核心代码

 
<?php
 
$headerCSP = "Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self';";
 
header($headerCSP);
 
?>
<?php
if (isset ($_POST['include'])) {
$page[ 'body' ] .= "
    " . $_POST['include'] . "
";
}
$page[ 'body' ] .= '
<form name="csp" method="POST">
    <p>Unlike the high level, this does a JSONP call but does not use a callback, instead it hardcodes the function to call.</p><p>The CSP settings only allow external JavaScript on the local server and no inline code.</p>
    <p>1+2+3+4+5=<span id="answer"></span></p>
    <input type="button" id="solve" value="Solve the sum" />
</form>
<script src="source/impossible.js"></script>
';

解决了callback不可控的问题。