Problem A
Time Limit : 2000/1000ms (Java/Other) Memory Limit : 32768/32768K (Java/Other)
Total Submission(s) : 10 Accepted Submission(s) : 3
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Problem Description
DouBiXp has a girlfriend named DouBiNan.One day they felt very boring and decided to play some games. The rule of this game is as following. There are k balls on the desk. Every ball has a value and the value of ith (i=1,2,...,k) ball is 1^i+2^i+...+(p-1)^i (mod p). Number p is a prime number that is chosen by DouBiXp and his girlfriend. And then they take balls in turn and DouBiNan first. After all the balls are token, they compare the sum of values with the other ,and the person who get larger sum will win the game. You should print “YES” if DouBiNan will win the game. Otherwise you should print “NO”.
Input
Multiply Test Cases.
In the first line there are two Integers k and p(1<k,p<2^31).
In the first line there are two Integers k and p(1<k,p<2^31).
Output
For each line, output an integer, as described above.
Sample Input
2 3 20 3
Sample Output
YES NO
Problem B
Time Limit : 2000/1000ms (Java/Other) Memory Limit : 65536/32768K (Java/Other)
Total Submission(s) : 131 Accepted Submission(s) : 85
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Problem Description
有一楼梯共M级，刚开始时你在第一级，若每次只能跨上一级或二级，要走上第M级，共有多少种走法？
Input
输入数据首先包含一个整数N，表示测试实例的个数，然后是N行数据，每行包含一个整数M（1<=M<=40）,表示楼梯的级数。
Output
对于每个测试实例，请输出不同走法的数量
Sample Input
2 2 3
Sample Output
1 2
Problem C
Time Limit : 2000/1000ms (Java/Other) Memory Limit : 65536/32768K (Java/Other)
Total Submission(s) : 51 Accepted Submission(s) : 27
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Problem Description
Julius Caesar lived in a time of danger and intrigue. The hardest situation Caesar ever faced was keeping himself alive. In order for him to survive, he decided to create one of the first ciphers. This cipher was so incredibly sound, that no one could figure it out without knowing how it worked.
You are a sub captain of Caesar's army. It is your job to decipher the messages sent by Caesar and provide to your general. The code is simple. For each letter in a plaintext message, you shift it five places to the right to create the secure message (i.e., if the letter is 'A', the cipher text would be 'F'). Since you are creating plain text out of Caesar's messages, you will do the opposite:
Cipher text
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Plain text
V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
Only letters are shifted in this cipher. Any non-alphabetical character should remain the same, and all alphabetical characters will be upper case.
You are a sub captain of Caesar's army. It is your job to decipher the messages sent by Caesar and provide to your general. The code is simple. For each letter in a plaintext message, you shift it five places to the right to create the secure message (i.e., if the letter is 'A', the cipher text would be 'F'). Since you are creating plain text out of Caesar's messages, you will do the opposite:
Cipher text
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Plain text
V W X Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U
Only letters are shifted in this cipher. Any non-alphabetical character should remain the same, and all alphabetical characters will be upper case.
Input
Input to this problem will consist of a (non-empty) series of up to 100 data sets. Each data set will be formatted according to the following description, and there will be no blank lines separating data sets. All characters will be uppercase.
A single data set has 3 components:
Start line - A single line, "START"
Cipher message - A single line containing from one to two hundred characters, inclusive, comprising a single message from Caesar
End line - A single line, "END"
Following the final data set will be a single line, "ENDOFINPUT".
A single data set has 3 components:
Start line - A single line, "START"
Cipher message - A single line containing from one to two hundred characters, inclusive, comprising a single message from Caesar
End line - A single line, "END"
Following the final data set will be a single line, "ENDOFINPUT".
Output
For each data set, there will be exactly one line of output. This is the original message by Caesar.
Sample Input
START NS BFW, JAJSYX TK NRUTWYFSHJ FWJ YMJ WJXZQY TK YWNANFQ HFZXJX END START N BTZQI WFYMJW GJ KNWXY NS F QNYYQJ NGJWNFS ANQQFLJ YMFS XJHTSI NS WTRJ END START IFSLJW PSTBX KZQQ BJQQ YMFY HFJXFW NX RTWJ IFSLJWTZX YMFS MJ END ENDOFINPUT
Sample Output
IN WAR, EVENTS OF IMPORTANCE ARE THE RESULT OF TRIVIAL CAUSES I WOULD RATHER BE FIRST IN A LITTLE IBERIAN VILLAGE THAN SECOND IN ROME DANGER KNOWS FULL WELL THAT CAESAR IS MORE DANGEROUS THAN HE
Problem D
Time Limit : 2000/1000ms (Java/Other) Memory Limit : 65536/32768K (Java/Other)
Total Submission(s) : 172 Accepted Submission(s) : 48
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Problem Description
今年的ACM暑期集训队一共有18人，分为6支队伍。其中有一个叫做EOF的队伍，由04级的阿牛、XC以及05级的COY组成。在共同的集训生活中，大家建立了深厚的友谊，阿牛准备做点什么来纪念这段激情燃烧的岁月，想了一想，阿牛从家里拿来了一块上等的牛肉干，准备在上面刻下一个长度为n的只由"E" "O" "F"三种字符组成的字符串（可以只有其中一种或两种字符，但绝对不能有其他字符）,阿牛同时禁止在串中出现O相邻的情况，他认为，"OO"看起来就像发怒的眼睛，效果不好。
你，NEW ACMer,EOF的崇拜者，能帮阿牛算一下一共有多少种满足要求的不同的字符串吗？
PS: 阿牛还有一个小秘密，就是准备把这个刻有 EOF的牛肉干，作为神秘礼物献给杭电五十周年校庆，可以想象，当校长接过这块牛肉干的时候该有多高兴！这里，请允许我代表杭电的ACMer向阿牛表示感谢！
再次感谢！
你，NEW ACMer,EOF的崇拜者，能帮阿牛算一下一共有多少种满足要求的不同的字符串吗？
PS: 阿牛还有一个小秘密，就是准备把这个刻有 EOF的牛肉干，作为神秘礼物献给杭电五十周年校庆，可以想象，当校长接过这块牛肉干的时候该有多高兴！这里，请允许我代表杭电的ACMer向阿牛表示感谢！
再次感谢！
Input
输入数据包含多个测试实例,每个测试实例占一行,由一个整数n组成，(0<n<40)。
Output
对于每个测试实例，请输出全部的满足要求的涂法，每个实例的输出占一行。
Sample Input
1 2
Sample Output
3 8
Problem E
Time Limit : 1000/1000ms (Java/Other) Memory Limit : 32768/32768K (Java/Other)
Total Submission(s) : 173 Accepted Submission(s) : 37
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Problem Description
Write a program to determine whether a word is a palindrome. A palindrome is a sequence of characters that is identical to the string when the characters are placed in reverse order. For example, the following strings are palindromes: “ABCCBA”, “A”, and “AMA”. The following strings are not palindromes: “HELLO”, “ABAB” and “PPA”.
Input
The input file will consist of up to 100 lines, where each line contains at least 1 and at most 52 characters. Your program should stop processing the input when the input string equals “STOP”. You may assume that input file consists of exclusively uppercase letters; no lowercase letters, punctuation marks, digits, or whitespace will be included within each word.
Output
A single line of output should be generated for each string. The line should include “#”, followed by the problem number, followed by a colon and a space, followed by the string “YES” or “NO”.
Sample Input
ABCCBA A HELLO ABAB AMA ABAB PPA STOP
Sample Output
#1: YES #2: YES #3: NO #4: NO #5: YES #6: NO #7: NO
Problem F
Time Limit : 2000/1000ms (Java/Other) Memory Limit : 65536/32768K (Java/Other)
Total Submission(s) : 25 Accepted Submission(s) : 2
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Problem Description
Given a positive integer N, you should output the leftmost digit of N^N.
Input
The input contains several test cases. The first line of the input is a single integer T which is the number of test cases. T test cases follow.
Each test case contains a single positive integer N(1<=N<=1,000,000,000).
Each test case contains a single positive integer N(1<=N<=1,000,000,000).
Output
For each test case, you should output the leftmost digit of N^N.
Sample Input
2 3 4
Sample Output
2 2
Hint
In the first case, 3 * 3 * 3 = 27, so the leftmost digit is 2.
In the second case, 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 = 256, so the leftmost digit is 2.
In the second case, 4 * 4 * 4 * 4 = 256, so the leftmost digit is 2.
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