Web开发
1、SpringMVC自动配置概览
Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.(大多场景我们都无需自定义配置)
The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:
- Inclusion of
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver
andBeanNameViewResolver
beans.
-
- 内容协商视图解析器和BeanName视图解析器
- Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document)).
-
- 静态资源(包括webjars)
- Automatic registration of
Converter
,GenericConverter
, andFormatter
beans.
-
- 自动注册
Converter,GenericConverter,Formatter
- 自动注册
- Support for
HttpMessageConverters
(covered later in this document).
-
- 支持
HttpMessageConverters
(后来我们配合内容协商理解原理)
- 支持
- Automatic registration of
MessageCodesResolver
(covered later in this document).
-
- 自动注册
MessageCodesResolver
(国际化用)
- 自动注册
- Static
index.html
support.
-
- 静态index.html 页支持
- Custom
Favicon
support (covered later in this document).
-
- 自定义
Favicon
- 自定义
- Automatic use of a
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
bean (covered later in this document).
-
- 自动使用
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer
,(DataBinder负责将请求数据绑定到JavaBean上)
- 自动使用
If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own
@Configuration
class of typeWebMvcConfigurer
but without@EnableWebMvc
.不用@EnableWebMvc注解。使用
@Configuration
+WebMvcConfigurer
自定义规则
If you want to provide custom instances of
RequestMappingHandlerMapping
,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
, orExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver
, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of typeWebMvcRegistrations
and use it to provide custom instances of those components.声明
WebMvcRegistrations
改变默认底层组件
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own
@Configuration
annotated with@EnableWebMvc
, or alternatively add your own@Configuration
-annotatedDelegatingWebMvcConfiguration
as described in the Javadoc of@EnableWebMvc
.使用
@EnableWebMvc+@Configuration+DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 全面接管SpringMVC
2、简单功能分析
2.1、静态资源访问
1、静态资源目录
只要静态资源放在类路径下: called /static
(or /public
or /resources
or /META-INF/resources
访问 : 当前项目根路径/ + 静态资源名
原理: 静态映射/**。
请求进来,先去找Controller看能不能处理。不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器。静态资源也找不到则响应404页面
改变默认的静态资源路径
spring: mvc: static-path-pattern: /res/** resources: static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]
2、静态资源访问前缀
默认无前缀
spring: mvc: static-path-pattern: /res/**
当前项目 + static-path-pattern + 静态资源名 = 静态资源文件夹下找
3、webjar
自动映射 /webjars/**
<dependency> <groupId>org.webjars</groupId> <artifactId>jquery</artifactId> <version>3.5.1</version> </dependency>
访问地址:http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js 后面地址要按照依赖里面的包路径
2.2、欢迎页支持
- 静态资源路径下 index.html
-
- 可以配置静态资源路径
- 但是不可以配置静态资源的访问前缀。否则导致 index.html不能被默认访问
spring: # mvc: # static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致welcome page功能失效 resources: static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]
- controller能处理/index
2.3、自定义 Favicon
favicon.ico 放在静态资源目录下即可。
spring: # mvc: # static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致 Favicon 功能失效
2.4、静态资源配置原理
- SpringBoot启动默认加载 xxxAutoConfiguration 类(自动配置类)
- SpringMVC功能的自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration,生效
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}
- 给容器中配了什么。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class }) @Order(0) public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}
- 配置文件的相关属性和xxx进行了绑定。WebMvcProperties==spring.mvc、ResourceProperties==spring.resources
1、配置类只有一个有参构造器
//有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定 //ResourceProperties resourceProperties;获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象 //WebMvcProperties mvcProperties 获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象 //ListableBeanFactory beanFactory Spring的beanFactory //HttpMessageConverters 找到所有的HttpMessageConverters //ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer 找到 资源处理器的自定义器。========= //DispatcherServletPath //ServletRegistrationBean 给应用注册Servlet、Filter.... public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(ResourceProperties resourceProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties, ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider, ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider, ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath, ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) { this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties; this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties; this.beanFactory = beanFactory; this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider; this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable(); this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath; this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations; }
2、资源处理的默认规则
@Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled"); return; } Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod(); CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl(); //webjars的规则 if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**") .addResourceLocations("classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/") .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl)); } // String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())) .setCachePeriod(getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl)); } }
spring: # mvc: # static-path-pattern: /res/** resources: add-mappings: false 禁用所有静态资源规则
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties { private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" }; /** * Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/, * /resources/, /static/, /public/]. */ private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
3、欢迎页的处理规则
HandlerMapping:处理器映射。保存了每一个Handler能处理哪些请求。 @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext, FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) { WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping( new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(), this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider)); welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations()); return welcomePageHandlerMapping; } WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders, ApplicationContext applicationContext, Optional<Resource> welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) { if (welcomePage.isPresent() && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) { //要用欢迎页功能,必须是/** logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage.get()); setRootViewName("forward:index.html"); } else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) { // 调用Controller /index logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index"); setRootViewName("index"); } }
4、favicon(项目图标使用)
【文章来源:尚硅谷】