linux shell学习笔记1

下面的脚本在linux as4系统中执行无误。欢迎学习讨论！（此笔记采用两中颜色区分不同的shell脚本）

一 . echo命令用于显示文本行或变量。

echo [optiong] string

 optiong选项：

 -e解析string 中的转义字符

 -n回车不换行，linux系统默认会车是换行的

string中的转义符 （/c,/f,/t,/n）/c回车表示会车不换行 ，/f 禁止，/t相当与tab键 ，/n表示会车换行

实例：

#!/bin/bash

#echod

echo -e "this echo's 3 new lines/n/n/n"

echo "ok"

echo

echo "this echo's 3 new lines/n/n/n"

echo "this log files have all been done">mylogfile.txt

二 .read语句

read语句可以从键盘或文件中的一行文本中读入信息，并将其给一个变量。read varible1 varible2 …

如果只指定了一个变量，那么read将会把所有的输入赋给此变量，只至遇到第一个文件结束符或会车；如果给出了多个变量，他们按顺序分别被富裕不同的变量。Shell将用空格作为变量间的分割符。

实例：

#!/bin/bash

#readname

echo –n “first name:”

read firstname

echo –n “last name:”

read lastnme

echo –e “your first name is :${firstnaem}/n”

echo –e “your last name is :${lastname}/n”

三 流控制

  [root@localhost ~]# cat caseselect.txt

#!/bin/bash

#case select

echo -n "Enter a number from 1 to 3:"

read ANS

case $ANS in

1)

 echo "you select 1"

 ;;

2)

 echo "you select 2"

 ;;

3)

 echo "you select 3"

 ;;

*)

 echo "'basename $0': This not between 1 and 3" >&2

 exit;

;;

esac

[root@localhost ~]# cat forlist2.txt

#!/bin/bash

for loop in "orange red blue grey"

do

 echo $loop

done

[root@localhost ~]# cat forlist3.txt

#!/bin/bash

for loop in `cat myfile`

do

 echo $loop

done

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat forloop.txt

#!/bin/bash

for loop in 1 2 3 4 5

do

 echo $loop

done

[root@localhost ~]# cat ifcp.txt

#!/bin/bash

if cp myfile.bak myfile

then

echo "success copy"

else

echo "'basename $0':error could not copy the file">&2

fi

[root@localhost ~]# cat ifelif.txt

#!/bin/bash

#ifelif

echo -n "Enter your name:"

read NAME

if [ -z $NAME ] || [ "$NAME" = "" ];then

        echo "YOU did not enter a name."

elif [ "$NAME" = "root" ];then

        echo "Hello root"

elif [ "$NAME" = "chinaitlab" ];then

        echo "Hello chinaitlab"

else

        echo "You are not root for chinaitlab,but hi,$NAME"

fi

[root@localhost ~]# cat iftest

#!/bin/bash

#if test

if [ "10" -lt "12" ]

then

echo "yes 10 is less than 12"

else

echo "no"

fi

[root@localhost ~]# cat iftest2

#!/bin/bash

#if test2

echo -n "Enter your name:"

read NAME

if [ "$NAME" == "" ];then

echo "You did not enter any information"

else

echo "Your name is ${NAME}"

fi

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat linshi.sh

cat > fileA << "EOF"

this is line 1.

This is line 2.

EOF

[root@localhost ~]# cat name.txt

chinaitlab

shenzhen

[root@localhost ~]# cat names.txt

shenzhen

shanghai

beijing

[root@localhost ~]# cat until_mon

#!/bin/bash

#until_mon

#montior the parttion used

Part="/home"

#get disk used

LOOK_OUT='df|grep "$Part"|awk '{print ${print $5}'|sed 's/%//g''

echo $LOOK_OUT

until [ "$LOOK_OUT" -gt "90" ]

do

        echo "Filesystem /home is nearly full"|mail root

done

[root@localhost ~]# cat until2_mon

#!/bin/bash

#until_mon

#montior the parttion used

Part="/home"

#get disk used

LOOK_OUT='df|grep "$Part"|awk '{print ${print $5}'|sed 's/%//g''

echo $LOOK_OUT

until [ "$LOOK_OUT" -gt "90" ]

do

        echo "Filesystem /home is nearly full"|mail root

        LOOK_OUT='df|grep "$Part"|awk '{print ${print $5}'|sed 's/%//g''

        sleep 3600

done

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat whilebreakout.txt

#!/bin/bash

#breakout

while :

do

        echo -n "Enter any number [1...5]:"

        read ANS

        case $ANS in

        1|2|3|4|5)

                echo "you enter a number between 1 and 5."

                ;;

        *)

                echo "wrong number,Bye."

                break

                ;;

        esac

done

 

[root@localhost ~]# cat whilebreakout2.txt

#!/bin/bash

#breakout

while :

do

        echo -n "Enter any number [1...5]:"

        read ANS

        case $ANS in

        1|2|3|4|5)

                echo "you enter a number between 1 and 5!"

                ;;

        *)

                echo -n "Wrong number,continue (y/n)?:"

                read IS_CONTINUE

                case $IS_CONTINUE in

                 y|yes|Y|Yes)

                        continue

                        ;;

                 *)

                        break

                        ;;

                esac

        esac

done

[root@localhost ~]# cat whileread.txt

echo "press <ctrl>+d to return."

while echo -n "enter the film name you love best:";read FILM

do

        echo "Yeah,${FILM} is a good file!"

done

[root@localhost ~]# cat whileread2.txt

#!/bin/bash

#whileread

while read LINE

do

        echo $LINE

done<names.txt

[root@localhost ~]# cat whileread2.txt

#!/bin/bash

#whileread

while read LINE

do

        echo $LINE

done<names.txt

[root@localhost ~]# cat whileread3.txt

#!/bin/bash

#whileread

while read LINE<names.txt

do

        echo $LINE

done<names.txt