Android6.0权限管理-PermissionsDispatcher

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新的运行时权限仅当我们设置targetSdkVersion to 23才起作用，app在6.0之前的设备依然使用旧的权限系统。

如果app的targetSdkVersion 低于 23，那将被认为app没有用23新权限测试过，那将被继续使用旧有规则：用户在安装的时候不得不接受所有权限，安装后app就有了那些权限！然后app像以前一样可以正常运行！注意，此时用户依然可以取消已经同意的授权！用户取消授权时，android 6.0系统会警告，但这不妨碍用户取消授权。

问题又来了，这时候你的app崩溃了！

 

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。

权限组列表：

Permission Group	Permissions
android.permission-group.CALENDAR	android.permission.READ_CALENDAR android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA	android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.CONTACTS	android.permission.READ_CONTACTS android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission-group.LOCATION	android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE	android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.PHONE	android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE android.permission.CALL_PHONE android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL android.permission.USE_SIP android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
android.permission-group.SENSORS	android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.SMS	android.permission.SEND_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS android.permission.READ_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
android.permission-group.STORAGE	android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

当用户安装或更新应用时，系统将授予应用所请求的属于 PROTECTION_NORMAL 的所有权限（安装时授权的一类基本权限）。这类权限包括：

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS

android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE

android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY

android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE

android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE

android.permission.BLUETOOTH

android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN

android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY

android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE

android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD

android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR

android.permission.FLASHLIGHT

android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS

android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE

android.permission.INTERNET

android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES

android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS

android.permission.NFC

android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS

android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS

android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED

android.permission.REORDER_TASKS

android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES

android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ

android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR

android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT

android.permission.VIBRATE

android.permission.WAKE_LOCK

android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM

com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT

com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

只需要在AndroidManifest.xml中简单声明这些权限就好，安装时就授权。不需要每次使用时都检查权限，而且用户不能取消以上授权。

 

好了，下面我们来使用PermissionsDispatcher进行管理Android权限。

Annotation	Required	Description
@RuntimePermissions	✓	Register an Activity or Fragment to handle permissions/ ps:在Activity或者Fragment中需要添加，来处理权限的问题
@NeedsPermission	✓	Annotate a method which performs the action that requires one or more permissions/ ps:该方法需要哪些权限,当用户授予了权限之后，会调用使用此注解的方法
@OnShowRationale		Annotate a method which explains why the permission/s is/are needed. It passes in a PermissionRequest object which can be used to continue or abort the current permission request upon user input/ ps:简单的来说就是为什么需要此权限，这需要展现给用户，而用户可以选择“继续”或者“中止”当前的权限许可请求
@OnPermissionDenied		Annotate a method which is invoked if the user doesn't grant the permissions/ ps:如果用户不授予某权限时调用的方法,
@OnNeverAskAgain		Annotate a method which is invoked if the user chose to have the device "never ask again" about a permission/ ps:如果用户选择了让设备“不再询问”，而调用的方法

 

比如我们在MainActivity中使用，那么我们的MainActivity应该是这样的：

 

 

@RuntimePermissions public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements Runnable{ @NeedsPermission(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) void doACacheNeedsPermission() { //处理当用户允许该权限时需要处理的方法 } @OnShowRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) void ACacheShowRationale(PermissionRequest request) { request.proceed(); // 提示用户权限使用的对话框 } @OnNeverAskAgain(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) void ACacheOnNeverAskAgain() { Toast.makeText(this, "ACacheOnNeverAskAgain, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } /** * 如果用户拒绝该权限执行的方法 */ @OnPermissionDenied(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) void ACacheOnPermissionDenied() { Toast.makeText(this, "ACacheOnPermissionDenied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } /** * 权限请求回调，提示用户之后，用户点击“允许”或者“拒绝”之后调用此方法 * @param requestCode 定义的权限编码 * @param permissions 权限名称 * @param grantResults 允许/拒绝 */ public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); MainActivityPermissionsDispatcher.onRequestPermissionsResult(this, requestCode, grantResults); } }

我们看到了该Activity继承了AppCompatActivity，是的，如果使用PermissionsDispatcher进行权限管理，那么Activity就要继承AppCompatActivity。这就要使用到了兼容包里的类了。同样此时相应Activity中使用的主题，也需要进行修改，修改成相应兼容包里的主题。

那么我们来看看MainActivityPermissionsDispatcher类中是如何实现权限管理的，默认是没有此类的，需要编译下才会有此类。

final class MainActivityPermissionsDispatcher { //定义的权限编码,当PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION有N个权限，那么REQUEST_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION就会有多少值 private static final int REQUEST_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION = 1; //需要请求的权限名称 private static final String[] PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION = new String[] {"android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"}; private MainActivityPermissionsDispatcher() { } /** * 检查用户设备是否拥有该权限 * @param target */ static void doACacheNeedsPermissionWithCheck(MainActivity target) { // 如果拥有该权限，那么调用用户注解为：@NeedsPermission的方法 if (PermissionUtils.hasSelfPermissions(target, PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION)) { target.doACacheNeedsPermission(); } else { // 如果用户设备没有该权限，那么请求提示用户是否赋予该权限 if (PermissionUtils.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(target, PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION)) { target.ACacheShowRationale(new DoACacheNeedsPermissionPermissionRequest(target)); } else { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(target, PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION, REQUEST_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION); } } } /** * 权限请求回调 * @param target * @param requestCode 权限编码 * @param grantResults */ static void onRequestPermissionsResult(MainActivity target, int requestCode, int[] grantResults) { switch (requestCode) { case REQUEST_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION: if (PermissionUtils.getTargetSdkVersion(target) < 23 && !PermissionUtils.hasSelfPermissions(target, PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION)) { target.ACacheOnPermissionDenied(); return; } if (PermissionUtils.verifyPermissions(grantResults)) { target.doACacheNeedsPermission(); } else { if (!PermissionUtils.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(target, PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION)) { target.ACacheOnNeverAskAgain(); } else { target.ACacheOnPermissionDenied(); } } break; default: break; } } private static final class DoACacheNeedsPermissionPermissionRequest implements PermissionRequest { private final WeakReference<MainActivity> weakTarget; private DoACacheNeedsPermissionPermissionRequest(MainActivity target) { this.weakTarget = new WeakReference<>(target); } @Override public void proceed() { MainActivity target = weakTarget.get(); if (target == null) return; ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(target, PERMISSION_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION, REQUEST_DOACACHENEEDSPERMISSION); } @Override public void cancel() { MainActivity target = weakTarget.get(); if (target == null) return; target.ACacheOnPermissionDenied(); } } }

 

那么如果需要使用PermissionsDispatcher，需要在project的 build.gradle中添加

buildscript { dependencies { classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8' } }

然后在app module中的build.gradle中添加：（必须在app module中添加）

apply plugin: 'android-apt' dependencies { compile 'com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher:${latest.version}' apt 'com.github.hotchemi:permissionsdispatcher-processor:${latest.version}' }

目前 ${latest.version}  最新的是2.0.8。

最后奉上该库的github地址：https://github.com/hotchemi/PermissionsDispatcher

好了，PermissionsDispatcher的使用基本如此。希望可以帮助到大家，如果有不对的地方还望提出。