Linux编程-让进程或线程运行在指定的CPU上
为了让程序拥有更好的性能,有时候需要将进程或线程绑定到特定的CPU上,这样可以减少调度的开销和保护关键进程或线程。
1、绑定进程到指定的CPU
Linux提供一个接口,可以将进程绑定到特定的CPU:
#include <sched.h>
int sched_setaffinity(pid_t pid, size_t cpusetsize, const cpu_set_t *set);
int sched_getaffinity(pid_t pid, size_t cpusetsize, cpu_set_t *set);
参数:
pid:进程的id号,如果pid为0,则表示本进程
cpusetsize:set的大小
set:运行进程的CPU,可以通过以下函数操作set:
void CPU_ZERO(cpu_set_t *set); // Clears set, so that it contains no CPUs.
void CPU_SET(int cpu, cpu_set_t *set); // Add CPU cpu to set.
void CPU_CLR(int cpu, cpu_set_t *set); // Remove CPU cpu from set.
int CPU_ISSET(int cpu, cpu_set_t *set); // Test to see if CPU cpu is a member of set.
int CPU_COUNT(cpu_set_t * mask); //Return the number of CPUs in set.
进程绑定到指定CPU的演示程序如下:
/*
*gcc process_test.c
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <sched.h>
void WasteTime(void)
{
int abc = 1000;
int tmp = 0;
while(abc--)
tmp = 10000*10000;
sleep(1);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
cpu_set_t cpu_set;
while(1)
{
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(0, &cpu_set);
if(sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set) < 0)
perror("sched_setaffinity");
WasteTime();
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(1, &cpu_set);
if(sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set) < 0)
perror("sched_setaffinity");
WasteTime();
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(2, &cpu_set);
if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set) < 0)
perror("sched_setaffinity");
WasteTime();
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(3, &cpu_set);
if(sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set) < 0)
perror("sched_setaffinity");
WasteTime();
}
return 0;
}
测试:编译程序,之后运行,我编译出的文件名为out,执行下列命令,得到out1的PID:ps -elf | grep out1,之后输入命令:top -p 进程ID,接着输入f,选择P选项(移到P处,按下空格),按ESC退出,具体过程如下:
此时可以看到进程在cpu0 cpu1 cpu2 cpu3之间不停切换:
2、绑定线程到指定的CPU
不仅仅进程可以绑定到CPU,线程也可以。Linux提供一个接口,可以将线程绑定到特定的CPU:
#include <pthread.h>
int pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_t thread, size_t cpusetsize, const cpu_set_t *cpuset);
int pthread_getaffinity_np(pthread_t thread, size_t cpusetsize, cpu_set_t *cpuset);
该接口与进程绑定到CPU的接口的使用方法基本一致。
当进程绑定到特定的CPU之后,线程还是可以绑定到其他的CPU的,没有冲突。
/*
*gcc thread_test.c -lpthread
*/
//#define _GNU_SOURCE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sched.h>
void WasteTime(void)
{
int abc = 1000;
int temp = 0;
while(abc--)
temp = 10000*10000;
sleep(1);
}
void *thread_func1(void *param)
{
cpu_set_t cpu_set;
while(1)
{
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(1, &cpu_set);
if (pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_self(), sizeof(cpu_set),&cpu_set) < 0)
perror("pthread_setaffinity_np");
WasteTime();
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(2, &cpu_set);
if (pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_self(), sizeof(cpu_set),&cpu_set) < 0)
perror("pthread_setaffinity_np");
WasteTime();
}
}
void *thread_func2(void *param)
{
cpu_set_t cpu_set;
while(1)
{
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(3, &cpu_set);
if (pthread_setaffinity_np(pthread_self(), sizeof(cpu_set),&cpu_set) < 0)
perror("pthread_setaffinity_np");
WasteTime();
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t my_thread;
cpu_set_t cpu_set;
CPU_ZERO(&cpu_set);
CPU_SET(0, &cpu_set);
if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(cpu_set), &cpu_set) < 0)
perror("sched_setaffinity");
if (pthread_create(&my_thread, NULL, thread_func1,NULL) != 0)
perror("pthread_create");
if (pthread_create(&my_thread, NULL, thread_func2,NULL) != 0)
perror("pthread_create");
while(1)
WasteTime();
pthread_exit(NULL);
}
测试:编译程序,之后运行,我编译出的文件名为a.out,执行下列命令,得到a.out的PID:ps -elf | grep a.out,之后输入命令:top -H -p? 进程ID,接着输入f,选择P选项(移到P处,按下空格)和nTH选项,按ESC退出,具体过程如下:
(和上图类似)
可以看到主线程一直保持在cpu0,一个线程在cpu1 cpu2之间切换,另一个线程一直保持在cpu3。