06.12 cobbler无人值守安装

第一章 cobbler基本配置

1. 系统环境准备

[root@CentOS6 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo      CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo  epel.repo
CentOS-Base.repo.ori  CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repo
[oldboy@CentOS6 ~]$ uname -r 
2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
[oldboy@CentOS6 ~]$ hostname -I
10.0.0.101 172.16.1.101

2. 配置开始

/etc/init.d/httpd restart
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
[root@cobbler_101 ~]# cobbler check  # 检查Cobbler的配置，看到下面的一堆报错！
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/cobbler", line 36, in <module>
    sys.exit(app.main())
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 657, in main
    rc = cli.run(sys.argv)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 270, in run
    self.token         = self.remote.login("", self.shared_secret)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1199, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1489, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1253, in request
    return self._parse_response(h.getfile(), sock)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 1392, in _parse_response
    return u.close()
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/xmlrpclib.py", line 838, in close
    raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpclib.Fault: <Fault 1: "<class 'cobbler.cexceptions.CX'>:'login failed'">

3. 解决报错开始

cp /etc/cobbler/settings{,.ori}  # 备份 
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings #更改server ip
sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 10.0.0.7/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings
openssl passwd -1 -salt 'root' '123456'

vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$oldboy$Npg9Pt9k98Mlg0ZeqHAuN1" 
cobbler get-loaders
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

4. 重启服务

/etc/init.d/httpd restart
/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

cobbler check   #再执行检查
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories  # 
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them 
Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

5. 同步cobbler配置

[root@cobbler_101 loaders]# cobbler sync
task started: 2017-07-20_160704_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Jul 20 16:07:04 2017)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6.8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-21-66-02
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-35-99-fc
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-35-99-FC
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-21-66-02
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6.8-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: CentOS6.8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6.8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/CentOS6.8-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-21-66-02
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-21-66-02
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-35-99-fc
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-35-99-FC
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: CentOS6.8-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6.8-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS6.8-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/CentOS6.8-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for CentOS6.8-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: CentOS6.8-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: Shutting down dhcpd: [  OK  ]
Starting dhcpd: [  OK  ]

received on stderr: 
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***

6. 开机启动

cat >>/etc/init.d/cobbler<<EOF
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: 345 80 90
# description:cobbler
case \$1 in
  start)
    /etc/init.d/httpd start
    /etc/init.d/xinetd start
    /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
    /etc/init.d/cobblerd start
    ;;
  stop)
    /etc/init.d/httpd stop
    /etc/init.d/xinetd stop
    /etc/init.d/dhcpd stop
    /etc/init.d/cobblerd stop
    ;;
  restart)
    /etc/init.d/httpd restart
    /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
    /etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
    /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
    ;;
  status)
    /etc/init.d/httpd status
    /etc/init.d/xinetd status
    /etc/init.d/dhcpd status
    /etc/init.d/cobblerd status
    ;;
  sync)
    cobbler sync
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|restart|status|sync'!"
    exit 2
    ;;
esac
EOF
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/cobbler
# chkconfig cobbler on

第二章 Cobbler的命令行管理

1.查看命令帮助

[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler
usage
=====
cobbler <distro|profile|system|repo|image|mgmtclass|package|file> ... 
        [add|edit|copy|getks*|list|remove|rename|report] [options|--help]
cobbler <aclsetup|buildiso|import|list|replicate|report|reposync|sync|validateks|version|signature|get-loaders|hardlink> [options|--help]
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --help  # 导入镜像
Usage: cobbler [options]
Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --arch=ARCH           OS architecture being imported
  --breed=BREED         the breed being imported
  --os-version=OS_VERSION
                        the version being imported
  --path=PATH           local path or rsync location
  --name=NAME           name, ex 'RHEL-5'
  --available-as=AVAILABLE_AS
                        tree is here, don't mirror
  --kickstart=KICKSTART_FILE
                        assign this kickstart file
  --rsync-flags=RSYNC_FLAGS
                        pass additional flags to rsync
cobbler check    核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list     列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report   列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync     同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync 同步yum仓库
cobbler distro   查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system   查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile  查看配置信息

2.导入镜像

[root@linux-node1 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/  # 挂载CentOS7的系统镜像。
# 导入系统镜像
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7.1-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro list  # 查看镜像列表
   CentOS-7.1-x86_64
# 镜像存放目录，cobbler会将镜像中的所有安装文件拷贝到本地一份，放在/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror下的CentOS-7.1-x86_64目录下。因此/var/www/cobbler目录必须具有足够容纳安装文件的空间。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/
[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls
CentOS-7.1-x86_64  config
[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# ls CentOS-7.1-x86_64/
CentOS_BuildTag  GPL       LiveOS    RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI              images    Packages  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA             isolinux  repodata  TRANS.TBL

3.指定ks.cfg文件及调整内核参数

# Cobbler的ks.cfg文件存放位置
[root@linux-node1 ks_mirror]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# ls  # 自带很多
default.ks    install_profiles  sample_autoyast.xml  sample_esxi4.ks  sample_old.seed
esxi4-ks.cfg  legacy.ks         sample_end.ks（默认使用的ks文件）        sample_esxi5.ks  sample.seed
esxi5-ks.cfg  pxerescue.ks      sample_esx4.ks       sample.ks
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# rz  # 上传准备好的ks文件
rz waiting to receive.
Starting zmodem transfer.  Press Ctrl+C to cancel.
Transferring Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg...
  100%       1 KB       1 KB/sec    00:00:01       0 Errors
[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# mv Cobbler-CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
# 在第一次导入系统镜像后，Cobbler会给镜像指定一个默认的kickstart自动安装文件在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts下的sample_end.ks。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   CentOS-7.1-x86_64
profiles:
   CentOS-7.1-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
# 查看安装镜像文件信息
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler distro report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Architecture                   : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Breed                          : redhat
Comment                        : 
Fetchable Files                : {}
Initrd                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel                         : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.1-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart Metadata             : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/CentOS-7.1-x86_64'}
Management Classes             : []
OS Version                     : rhel7
Owners                         : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
# 查看所有的profile设置
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report
# 查看指定的profile设置
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks  -->默认ks文件
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
# 编辑profile，修改关联的ks文件
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
# 修改安装系统的内核参数，在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了，就是网卡名变成eno16777736这种形式，但是为了运维标准化，我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0，因此使用下面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要下面的步骤，CentOS6不需要。
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Name                           : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : CentOS-7.1-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm
# 每次修改完都要同步一次
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync

4.ks.cfg文件简析

[root@linux-node1 kickstarts]# cat CentOS-7.1-x86_64.cfg
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7.1 by yao zhang
install
url --url=$tree  # 这些$开头的变量都是调用配置文件里的值。
text
lang en_US.UTF-8
keyboard us
zerombr
bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet"
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai
authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
rootpw  --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024  # CentOS7系统磁盘默认格式xfs
part swap --size 1024
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
firstboot --disable
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
logging --level=info
reboot
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end
%packages
@base
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
tree
nmap
sysstat
lrzsz
dos2unix
telnet
iptraf
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
OpenIPMI-tools
screen
%end
%post
systemctl disable postfix.service
%end

5.修改安装时界面的网址

[root@linux-node1 pxe]# cat /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template 
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://www.cnblogs.com/can-H
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end
[root@linux-node1 pxe]# cobbler sync

6.命令执行

cobbler system add --name=aige --mac=00:0C:29:B6:1E:D3 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --ip-address=10.0.0.111 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=10.0.0.2 --interface=eth0 --static=1 --hostname=aige.example.com --name-servers="223.5.5.5 10.0.0.2"
# --name 自定义，但不能重复
# 查看定义的列表
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler system list
   oldboy
[root@linux-node1 ~]# cobbler sync