Spring——Bean的声明周期和回调

概述：本文讲解的是Spring中Bean的声明周期和回调，不是bean的生命周期。bean的生命周期我会在后续分析讲解Spring-context源码的时候专门写一篇博客。所谓bean的声明周期和回调，好比就是在类初始化或者销毁的时候，会调用一个方法（即回调），类似于try-catch-finally中的finally。

Bean的声明周期回调有三种方式：

• 实现InitializingBean和DisposableBean回调接口
• Default Initialization and Destroy Methods
• 使用@PostConstruct and @PreDestroy注解

实现InitializingBean接口的初始化回调会在构造器初始化结束后调用init方法，示例代码如下

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao;

public interface IndexDao {
}

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl;

import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.IndexDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class IndexDaoImpl1 implements IndexDao, InitializingBean {

    public IndexDaoImpl1() {
        System.out.println("Constructor");
    }

    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("init");
    }
}

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com")
public class JavaConfig {
}

import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.config.JavaConfig;
import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.IndexDao;
import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl.IndexDaoImpl1;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(JavaConfig.class);
        IndexDaoImpl1 indexDaoImpl1 = (IndexDaoImpl1)annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(IndexDao.class);
    }
}

执行Test测试类输出结果如下：

实现DisposableBean接口的销毁回调会在容器中的bean销毁后调用destroy方法，示例代码如下

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl;

import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.IndexDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class IndexDaoImpl1 implements IndexDao, DisposableBean {

    public IndexDaoImpl1() {
        System.out.println("Constructor");
    }

    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("destroy");
    }
}

Default Initialization and Destroy Methods 主要通过在类中定义一个名为init或者destroy方法，并在spring XML中配置好即可。示例代码以init为例，destroy与init相似不做演示

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao;

public interface IndexDao {
}

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl;

import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.IndexDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class IndexDaoImpl1 implements IndexDao {

    public IndexDaoImpl1() {
        System.out.println("Constructor");
    }

    public void init() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("init-method");
    }
}

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com")
@ImportResource("classpath:spring.xml")
public class JavaConfig {
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <beans default-init-method="init">
        <bean id="indexDaoImpl1" class="com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl.IndexDaoImpl1"></bean>
    </beans>
</beans>

通过@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解实现的初始化和销毁回调代码如下：

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao;

public interface IndexDao {
}

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl;

import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.IndexDao;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;

@Repository
public class IndexDaoImpl1 implements IndexDao {

    public IndexDaoImpl1() {
        System.out.println("Constructor");
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("init-method");
    }

    @PreDestroy
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("destroy-method");
    }
}

package com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com")
public class JavaConfig {
}

import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.config.JavaConfig;
import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.IndexDao;
import com.tyyd.lifecallbacks.dao.impl.IndexDaoImpl1;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext annotationConfigApplicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(JavaConfig.class);
        IndexDaoImpl1 indexDaoImpl1 = (IndexDaoImpl1)annotationConfigApplicationContext.getBean(IndexDao.class);
    }
}