C++ 标准模板库中的 priority_queue 是一种特殊的容器，它总是保证顶部元素具有最高优先级。默认情况下，它使用大顶堆策略，即 top 元素是最值。可以通过自定义比较函数实现小顶堆。priority_queue 的成员函数包括 top、empty、size、push 和 pop，分别用于访问顶部元素、检查是否为空、获取元素数量、插入和移除元素。
priority_queue
Syntax:
In their implementation in the C++ Standard Template Library, priority queues take three template parameters:1
2 template < class T, class Container = vector,
class Compare = less > class priority_queue;
Where the template parameters have the following meanings:
T: Type of the elements.
Container: Type of the underlying container object used to store and access the elements.
Compare: Comparison class: A class such that the expression comp(a,b), where comp is an object of this class and a and b are elements of the container, returns true if a is to be placed earlier than b in a strict weak ordering operation. This can either be a class implementing a function call operator or a pointer to a function. This defaults to less, which returns the same as applying the less-than operator .
The priority_queue object uses this expression when an element is inserted or
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