android笔记之ListView的setEmptyView方法

在ListView数据为空或者Adapter为空的时候，通常需要显示一个提示视图。一种办法是在ListView同样的位置放置一个同样大小的提示视图，通过代码控制该视图和ListView的隐藏、显示来解决。但是这样的代码控制往往让我们的代码看起来很乱，其实ListView内部已经帮助我们实现了这样的逻辑，我们只需要调用setEmptyView方法为ListView指定提示视图就行了。
首先需要在xml中ListView同样的位置放置一个同样大小的提示视图（意思是说，当ListView的visivility属性被设置成gone的时候，提示视图刚好能完全占有ListView的区域，这是关键！），例如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
    tools:context="com.v.listviewtest.MainActivity"
    tools:showIn="@layout/activity_main">

    <!--listView-->
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:scrollbars="none"
        android:visibility="gone">

    </ListView>
    <!--提示视图-->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/empty_tv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="无数据"
        android:textSize="30dp"
        android:visibility="visible" />
    <!--其他可能的视图-->
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/bottom_tv"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="底部栏"
        android:textSize="30dp" />
</LinearLayout>

上面代码中，list的visibility属性为gone，empty_tv的visibility属性为visible的时候，empty_tv刚好会占用list的区域。同理，list的visibility属性为visible，empty_tv的visibility属性为gone的时候，list刚好会占用empty_tv的区域。
在java中的使用：

package com.v.listviewtest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView mList;
    private TextView mEmptyTv;
    private XAdapter mAdapter;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab);
        if (fab != null)
            fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View view) {
//                Snackbar.make(view, "Replace with your own action", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG)
//                        .setAction("Action", null).show();
                    mAdapter.clear();
                }
            });

        mList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
        mAdapter = new XAdapter(getBaseContext(), new ArrayList<String>());
        mList.setAdapter(mAdapter);
        mEmptyTv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.empty_tv);
        mList.setEmptyView(mEmptyTv);

        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            mAdapter.add("test " + i);
        }
//        mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    private static class XAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<String> {

        public XAdapter(Context context, List<String> objects) {
            super(context, 0, objects);
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = LayoutInflater.from(getContext())
                        .inflate(R.layout.item, null);
            }
            TextView textView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
            textView.setText(getItem(position));

            return convertView;
        }
    }
}

上面的代码中，关键语句在于mList.setEmptyView(mEmptyTv)，通过该方法为ListView指定为空时的提示视图，现在我们就来看看ListView中的控制逻辑吧：

    /**
     * Update the status of the list based on the empty parameter.  If empty is true and
     * we have an empty view, display it.  In all the other cases, make sure that the listview
     * is VISIBLE and that the empty view is GONE (if it's not null).
     */
    private void updateEmptyStatus(boolean empty) {
        if (isInFilterMode()) {
            empty = false;
        }

        if (empty) {
            if (mEmptyView != null) {
                mEmptyView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                setVisibility(View.GONE);
            } else {
                // If the caller just removed our empty view, make sure the list view is visible
                setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
            }

            // We are now GONE, so pending layouts will not be dispatched.
            // Force one here to make sure that the state of the list matches
            // the state of the adapter.
            if (mDataChanged) {           
                this.onLayout(false, mLeft, mTop, mRight, mBottom); 
            }
        } else {
            if (mEmptyView != null) mEmptyView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        }
    }

这是在ListView中的源码，我们可以发现，其实ListView内部也是通过setVisibility(View.GONE)、setVisibility(View.VISIBLE)来实现提示视图的显示和ListView的隐藏的。
效果：