面试官：简单说一下 Hibernate的环境搭建及操作

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GitHub地址：https://github.com/abel-max/Java-Study-Note/tree/master

导入所需jar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.4.10.Final</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>

编写配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://39.99.188.50:3306/test</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
        <!--c3p0连接池-->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.c3p0.internal.C3P0ConnectionProvider</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">20</property>
        <property name="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">300</property>
        <!--控制台显示sql语句-->
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <!--格式化sql语句-->
        <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
        <!--hibernate方言-->
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <!--配置hibernate映射文件位置-->
        <mapping resource="Student.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

编写实体类

public class Student implements Serializable {
    Integer id;    String number;
    String name;
    //...get set toString
}

创建实体类映射文件 XXX.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.text">
    <!--
        name：即实体类的全名
        table：映射到数据库里面的那个表的名称
        catalog：数据库的名称
     -->
    <class name="Student" table="student" catalog="test">
        <id name="id" column="id">
            <!--主键策略-->
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <property name="number" column="number" length="12"/>
        <property name="name" column="name" length="20"/>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

创建hibernate工具类

public final class HibernateUtil {
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
    private HibernateUtil() {
    }    static {
        Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
        configuration.configure();        sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();    }        public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
        return sessionFactory;
    }    public static Session getSession(){
        return sessionFactory.openSession();
    }}

创建测试类进行测试

import com.text.HibernateUtil;
import com.text.Student;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.util.List;
public class HibernateTest {
    private Session session;
    private Transaction transaction;
    @Before
    public void before() {
        session = HibernateUtil.getSession();        transaction = session.beginTransaction();    }    @After
    public void after() {
        transaction.commit();        session.close();    }    @Test
    public void testQuery(){
        //根据id查询
        Student student = session.get(Student.class, 2);
        System.out.println(student);
        //查询部分
        Query query = session.createQuery("from Student where id>1");
        List<Student> studentList = query.list();
        System.out.println(studentList);
    }
    @Test
    public void testQuery2() {
    }
    @Test
    public void testUpdate(){
        String hql = "update Student set number = '22222' where id>2";
        Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
        int i = query.executeUpdate();
        System.out.println(i);
    }
    @Test
    public void testDelete() {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setId(3);
        session.delete(student);
    }
    @Test
    public void testAdd() {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setName("张鑫龙8");
        student.setNumber("500118");
        session.saveOrUpdate(student);
    }
}

详细的查询方法

查询

按照主键查询

• load()和get()@Test public void testQuery2() { Student student1 = session.get(Student.class, 1); Student student2 = session.load(Student.class, 2); System.out.println(student1); System.out.println(student2); }

HQL查询

查询语句必须是实体类的方法名，不能是表名称，必须和sql语句查询区别

@Test
public void testQuery3() {
    Query query = session.createQuery("from Student s where s.id=1 or s.id>3");
    List<Student> list = query.list();
    System.out.println(list);
}

完全面向对象查询，Criteria查询，QBC查询

已过时

本地SQL查询

适合使用复杂的查询，但不能跨越数据库

@Test
public void testQuery4() {
    NativeQuery sqlQuery = session.createSQLQuery("select * from student where id>3 or id=1");
    sqlQuery.addEntity(Student.class);    List<Student> list = sqlQuery.list();
    System.out.println(list);
}