Space Replacement 解题报告

Space Replacement

Description

Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with %20. The string is given in a characters array, you can assume it has enough space for replacement and you are given the true length of the string.

You code should also return the new length of the string after replacement.

Noitce
If you are using Java or Python，please use characters array instead of string.

Example

Given “Mr John Smith”, length = 13.

The string after replacement should be "Mr%20John%20Smith", you need to change the string in-place and return the new length 17.

Challenge

Do it in-place.

实现思路

1. 先统计字符串中含有的空格数A,设原来长度为len,则最终字符串长度为len+A*2。
2. 原问题转换成一个两点移动问题。设一个指针P1指向最终字符串尾部，另一个P2指向原字符串尾部
3. 分析P2字符：
   
   1. 如果不是空格，P2字符复制到P1,P1、P2左移
   2. 如果是空格，P1填入三位%20,总供左移了3位，而P2左移1位
4. 按3步骤不断操作，最终两指针一定会在字符串0索引位重合。

public int replaceBlank(char[] string, int length) {
        // Write your code here
        int blen = 0;
        for(int i = 0 ; i < length ; i ++){
            if(string[i] == ' '){
                blen ++;
            }
        }
        if(blen == 0){
            return length;
        }
        for(int i = length + blen*2 - 1,j = length - 1 ; i >= 0 && j >= 0 ;){
            if(string[j] != ' '){
                string[i] = string[j];
                i--;
                j--;
            }else{
                string[i--] = '0';
                string[i--] = '2';
                string[i--] = '%';
                j --;
            }
        }
        return length + blen*2;
    }