所谓单例模式是一种最简单的设计模式之一,就是程序中一个类只对应着一个实例,在很多编程语言中都有这种模式,比如objective-c编程语言、Java语言。对于objective-c来说,其单例模式是怎样的呢?如何表现呢?今天小编围绕这个问题,整理了一篇相关文章,分享给大家,一起来get新技能吧。
单例模式一般用全局静态对象来实现。下面我们通过建立一个生成单例的类SingletonClass,在实现文件中定义各种方法来实现我们的单例模式。
1、单例模式一般用全局静态对象来实现,所以我们在SingletonClass.m中定义一个静态全局变量是少不了的:
//定义静态全局变量
staticSingletonClass *single = nil;
//定义静态全局变量
staticSingletonClass *single = nil;
2、上面的静态变量是定义在实现文件中的,所以是私有的,要想获取该类的实例得有个getInstance方法来获取实例,在给静态变量分配内存空间之前,首先要判断是否已经分配过啦,确保单例,如果分配过了就不分配了。
//获取静态全局对象
+(id)getInstance
{
//如果没有生成对象,则为静态全局变量分配内存
if (single == nil) {
single = [[SingletonClass alloc] init];
}
return single;
}
//获取静态全局对象
+(id)getInstance
{
//如果没有生成对象,则为静态全局变量分配内存
if (single == nil) {
single = [[SingletonClass alloc]init];
}
return single;
}
3、为了防止用户通过alloc和new来实例化对象,因此我们要对类方法allcoWithZone进行重写
//防止通过alloc或者new来创建新的对象我们要重写allocWithZone
+(id)allocWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
{
if (single == nil) {
single = [[super allocWithZone:zone]init];
}
return single;
}
//防止通过alloc或者new来创建新的对象我们要重写allocWithZone
+(id)allocWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
{
if (single == nil) {
single =[[superallocWithZone:zone]init];
}
return single;
}
4、为了防止用户把单例进行深浅拷贝,我们需要重写copyWithZone方法和mutableCopyWithZone方法,在重写方法之前我们的单例类必须遵循协议NSCoping和NSMutableCoping协议
遵循协议代码如下:
@interfaceSingletonClass : NSObject
//单例中获取单例对象的方法
+(id)getInstance;
//单例测试方法
-(void)singletonFunction;
@end
@interfaceSingletonClass:NSObject
//单例中获取单例对象的方法
+(id)getInstance;
//单例测试方法
-(void)singletonFunction;
@end
重写copyWithZone方法
//为了防止通过copy来创建新的实例我们要重写copyWithZone;
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
{
return self;
}
//为了防止通过copy来创建新的实例我们要重写copyWithZone;
-(id)copyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
{
return self;
}
重写mutableCopyWithZone方法
-(id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
{
return self;
}
-(id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone*)zone
{
return self;
}
5、防止用户把创建的单例dealloc,我们需要重写retainCount方法
//重写retainCount方法,防止被dealloc,返回最大值
-(NSUInteger)retainCount
{
return NSUIntegerMax;
}
//重写retainCount方法,防止被dealloc,返回最大值
-(NSUInteger)retainCount
{
return NSUIntegerMax;
}
6、重写release,autorelease, retain方法
//重写retain,引用计数不变
-(id) retain
{
return self;
}
//重写release
-(oneway void)release
{
}
//重写autorelease
-(id)autorelease
{
return self;
}
//重写retain,引用计数不变
-(id) retain
{
return self;
}
//重写release
-(oneway void)release
{
}
//重写autorelease
-(id)autorelease
{
return self;
}
至此我们的单例模式基本创建完毕,下面开始我们的测试吧;
在main函数中的代码如下:
//单例模式的测试
SingletonClass*single1 = [SingletonClass getInstance];
SingletonClass*single2 = [SingletonClass new];
SingletonClass*single3 = [[SingletonClass alloc] init];
SingletonClass*single4 = [single1 copy];
SingletonClass*single5 = [single1 mutableCopy];
SingletonClass*single6 = [single1 retain];
[single1release];
[single1singletonFunction];
NSLog(@"single_retainCount= %lu", single1.retainCount);
//输出地址
NSLog(@"getInstance single1_P = %p", single1);
NSLog(@"new single2_P = %p", single2);
NSLog(@"allo single3_P = %p", single3);
NSLog(@"copy single4_P = %p", single4);
NSLog(@"mutableCopy single5_P = %p", single5);
NSLog(@"retain single6_P = %p", single6);
//单例模式的测试
SingletonClass*single1 = [SingletonClass getInstance];
SingletonClass*single2 = [SingletonClass new];
SingletonClass*single3 = [[SingletonClass alloc]init];
SingletonClass*single4 = [single1copy];
SingletonClass*single5 = [single1mutableCopy];
SingletonClass*single6 = [single1retain];
[single1release];
[single1singletonFunction];
NSLog(@"single_retainCount= %lu", single1.retainCount);
//输出地址
NSLog(@"getInstance single1_P = %p", single1);
NSLog(@"new single2_P = %p", single2);
NSLog(@"allo single3_P = %p", single3);
NSLog(@"copy single4_P = %p", single4);
NSLog(@"mutableCopy single5_P = %p", single5);
NSLog(@"retain single6_P = %p", single6);
运行结果如下:
2014-08-0716:04:44.207 Memory[20664:303] singleton Ps: 我是单例模式中得测试方法!!
2014-08-0716:04:44.207 Memory[20664:303] single_retainCount = 18446744073709551615
2014-08-0716:04:44.207 Memory[20664:303] getInstance single1_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.208 Memory[20664:303] new single2_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.208 Memory[20664:303] alloC single3_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.208 Memory[20664:303] copy single4_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.209 Memory[20664:303] mutableCopy single5_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.209 Memory[20664:303] retain single6_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.207 Memory[20664:303]singleton Ps: 我是单例模式中得测试方法!!
2014-08-0716:04:44.207 Memory[20664:303]single_retainCount = 18446744073709551615
2014-08-0716:04:44.207 Memory[20664:303]getInstance single1_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.208 Memory[20664:303] new single2_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.208 Memory[20664:303]alloC single3_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.208 Memory[20664:303]copy single4_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.209 Memory[20664:303]mutableCopy single5_P = 0x100204690
2014-08-0716:04:44.209 Memory[20664:303]retain single6_P = 0x100204690
单例的地址是不变的。
上面是在非ARC模式下得单例模式,那么在ARC模式下我们应如何实现我们的单例模式呢,我们下面就会给出ARC下的单例模式,用下面的方法,因没有重写alloc,copy等方法,通过alloc还是可以给该对象分配一个新对象的,上面是线程不安全的,下面是线程安全的:
+(id)sharedSingleton {
static MySingleton *sharedSingleton = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
sharedSingleton = [[self alloc] init];
});
return sharedSingleton;
}
+ (id)sharedSingleton {
static MySingleton *sharedSingleton = nil;
static dispatch_once_tonceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
sharedSingleton = [[self alloc] init];
});
return sharedSingleton;
}
以上就是objective-c编程语言中,单例模式的建立及实现方法,有兴趣的童鞋可以尝试自己实现一下。
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