python项目：获取微信好友信息（一）抓取微信好友数据

本文将记录对知乎专栏中的一篇小项目，自己尝试中所遇到的问题。

知乎链接：https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/21967333

先贴出完整源代码。

代码中：使用二维码登录网页版微信，并下载好友头像，并将好友资料数据存入csv文件，待进一步处理。

笔者使用的环境为python3.5。

import os
import requests
import re
import time
import xml.dom.minidom
import json
import csv
import codecs
import sys
import math
import subprocess
import ssl
import threading
import urllib.request, urllib.parse, urllib.error, urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse

DEBUG = False  # 测试时候 可以改为True，输出测试的json数据

MAX_GROUP_NUM = 2  # 每组人数
INTERFACE_CALLING_INTERVAL = 5  # 接口调用时间间隔, 间隔太短容易出现"操作太频繁", 会被限制操作半小时左右
MAX_PROGRESS_LEN = 50

QRImagePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'qrcode.jpg')  # 存放登录二维码的位置，不需要改

tip = 0
uuid = ''

base_uri = ''
redirect_uri = ''
push_uri = ''

skey = ''
wxsid = ''
wxuin = ''
pass_ticket = ''
deviceId = 'e000000000000000'

BaseRequest = {}

ContactList = []
My = []
SyncKey = []

try:
    xrange
    range = xrange
except:
    # python 3
    pass


def responseState(func, BaseResponse):
    ErrMsg = BaseResponse['ErrMsg']
    Ret = BaseResponse['Ret']
    if DEBUG or Ret != 0:
        print('func: %s, Ret: %d, ErrMsg: %s' % (func, Ret, ErrMsg))

    if Ret != 0:
        return False

    return True


def getUUID():
    global uuid

    url = 'https://login.weixin.qq.com/jslogin'
    params = {
        'appid': 'wx782c26e4c19acffb',
        'fun': 'new',
        'lang': 'zh_CN',
        '_': int(time.time()),
    }

    r = myRequests.get(url=url, params=params)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.text

    # print(data)

    # window.QRLogin.code = 200; window.QRLogin.uuid = "oZwt_bFfRg==";
    regx = r'window.QRLogin.code = (\d+); window.QRLogin.uuid = "(\S+?)"'
    pm = re.search(regx, data)

    code = pm.group(1)
    uuid = pm.group(2)

    if code == '200':
        return True

    return False


def showQRImage():
    global tip

    url = 'https://login.weixin.qq.com/qrcode/' + uuid
    params = {
        't': 'webwx',
        '_': int(time.time()),
    }

    r = myRequests.get(url=url, params=params)

    tip = 1

    f = open(QRImagePath, 'wb')
    f.write(r.content)
    f.close()
    time.sleep(1)

    if sys.platform.find('darwin') >= 0:  # 'darwin'
        subprocess.call(['open', QRImagePath])
    elif sys.platform.find('linux') >= 0:
        subprocess.call(['xdg-open', QRImagePath])
    else:
        os.startfile(QRImagePath)

    print('请使用微信扫描二维码以登录')


def waitForLogin():
    global tip, base_uri, redirect_uri, push_uri

    url = 'https://login.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin/login?tip=%s&uuid=%s&_=%s' % (
        tip, uuid, int(time.time()))

    r = myRequests.get(url=url)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.text

    # print(data)

    # window.code=500;
    regx = r'window.code=(\d+);'
    pm = re.search(regx, data)

    code = pm.group(1)

    if code == '201':  # 已扫描
        print('成功扫描,请在手机上点击确认以登录')
        tip = 0
    elif code == '200':  # 已登录
        print('正在登录...')
        regx = r'window.redirect_uri="(\S+?)";'
        pm = re.search(regx, data)
        redirect_uri = pm.group(1) + '&fun=new'
        base_uri = redirect_uri[:redirect_uri.rfind('/')]

        # push_uri与base_uri对应关系(排名分先后)(就是这么奇葩..)
        services = [
            ('wx2.qq.com', 'webpush2.weixin.qq.com'),
            ('qq.com', 'webpush.weixin.qq.com'),
            ('web1.wechat.com', 'webpush1.wechat.com'),
            ('web2.wechat.com', 'webpush2.wechat.com'),
            ('wechat.com', 'webpush.wechat.com'),
            ('web1.wechatapp.com', 'webpush1.wechatapp.com'),
        ]
        push_uri = base_uri
        for (searchUrl, pushUrl) in services:
            if base_uri.find(searchUrl) >= 0:
                push_uri = 'https://%s/cgi-bin/mmwebwx-bin' % pushUrl
                break

        # closeQRImage
        if sys.platform.find('darwin') >= 0:  # for OSX with Preview
            os.system("osascript -e 'quit app \"Preview\"'")
    elif code == '408':  # 超时
        pass
    # elif code == '400' or code == '500':

    return code


def login():
    global skey, wxsid, wxuin, pass_ticket, BaseRequest

    r = myRequests.get(url=redirect_uri)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.text

    # print(data)

    doc = xml.dom.minidom.parseString(data)
    root = doc.documentElement

    for node in root.childNodes:
        if node.nodeName == 'skey':
            skey = node.childNodes[0].data
        elif node.nodeName == 'wxsid':
            wxsid = node.childNodes[0].data
        elif node.nodeName == 'wxuin':
            wxuin = node.childNodes[0].data
        elif node.nodeName == 'pass_ticket':
            pass_ticket = node.childNodes[0].data

    # print('skey: %s, wxsid: %s, wxuin: %s, pass_ticket: %s' % (skey, wxsid,
    # wxuin, pass_ticket))

    if not all((skey, wxsid, wxuin, pass_ticket)):
        return False

    BaseRequest = {
        'Uin': int(wxuin),
        'Sid': wxsid,
        'Skey': skey,
        'DeviceID': deviceId,
    }

    return True


def webwxinit():
    url = (base_uri +
           '/webwxinit?pass_ticket=%s&skey=%s&r=%s' % (
               pass_ticket, skey, int(time.time())))
    params = {'BaseRequest': BaseRequest}
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}

    r = myRequests.post(url=url, data=json.dumps(params), headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.json()

    if DEBUG:
        f = open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'webwxinit.json'), 'wb')
        f.write(r.content)
        f.close()

    # print(data)

    global ContactList, My, SyncKey
    dic = data
    ContactList = dic['ContactList']
    My = dic['User']
    SyncKey = dic['SyncKey']

    state = responseState('webwxinit', dic['BaseResponse'])
    return state


def webwxgetcontact():
    url = (base_uri +
           '/webwxgetcontact?pass_ticket=%s&skey=%s&r=%s' % (
               pass_ticket, skey, int(time.time())))
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}

    r = myRequests.post(url=url, headers=headers)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.json()

    if DEBUG:
        f = open(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'webwxgetcontact.json'), 'wb')
        f.write(r.content)
        f.close()

    dic = data
    MemberList = dic['MemberList']

    # 倒序遍历,不然删除的时候出问题..
    SpecialUsers = ["newsapp", "fmessage", "filehelper", "weibo", "qqmail", "tmessage", "qmessage", "qqsync",
                    "floatbottle", "lbsapp", "shakeapp", "medianote", "qqfriend", "readerapp", "blogapp", "facebookapp",
                    "masssendapp",
                    "meishiapp", "feedsapp", "voip", "blogappweixin", "weixin", "brandsessionholder", "weixinreminder",
                    "wxid_novlwrv3lqwv11", "gh_22b87fa7cb3c", "officialaccounts", "notification_messages", "wxitil",
                    "userexperience_alarm"]
    for i in range(len(MemberList) - 1, -1, -1):
        Member = MemberList[i]
        if Member['VerifyFlag'] & 8 != 0:  # 公众号/服务号
            MemberList.remove(Member)
        elif Member['UserName'] in SpecialUsers:  # 特殊账号
            MemberList.remove(Member)
        elif Member['UserName'].find('@@') != -1:  # 群聊
            MemberList.remove(Member)
        elif Member['UserName'] == My['UserName']:  # 自己
            MemberList.remove(Member)

    return MemberList


def syncKey():
    SyncKeyItems = ['%s_%s' % (item['Key'], item['Val'])
                    for item in SyncKey['List']]
    SyncKeyStr = '|'.join(SyncKeyItems)
    return SyncKeyStr


def syncCheck():
    url = push_uri + '/synccheck?'
    params = {
        'skey': BaseRequest['Skey'],
        'sid': BaseRequest['Sid'],
        'uin': BaseRequest['Uin'],
        'deviceId': BaseRequest['DeviceID'],
        'synckey': syncKey(),
        'r': int(time.time()),
    }

    r = myRequests.get(url=url, params=params)
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.text

    # print(data)

    # window.synccheck={retcode:"0",selector:"2"}
    regx = r'window.synccheck={retcode:"(\d+)",selector:"(\d+)"}'
    pm = re.search(regx, data)

    retcode = pm.group(1)
    selector = pm.group(2)

    return selector


def webwxsync():
    global SyncKey

    url = base_uri + '/webwxsync?lang=zh_CN&skey=%s&sid=%s&pass_ticket=%s' % (
        BaseRequest['Skey'], BaseRequest['Sid'], urllib.parse.quote_plus(pass_ticket))
    params = {
        'BaseRequest': BaseRequest,
        'SyncKey': SyncKey,
        'rr': ~int(time.time()),
    }
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'}

    r = myRequests.post(url=url, data=json.dumps(params))
    r.encoding = 'utf-8'
    data = r.json()

    # print(data)

    dic = data
    SyncKey = dic['SyncKey']

    state = responseState('webwxsync', dic['BaseResponse'])
    return state


def heartBeatLoop():
    while True:
        selector = syncCheck()
        if selector != '0':
            webwxsync()
        time.sleep(1)


def main():
    global myRequests

    if hasattr(ssl, '_create_unverified_context'):
        ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

    headers = {
        'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_2) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.125 Safari/537.36'}
    myRequests = requests.Session()
    myRequests.headers.update(headers)

    if not getUUID():
        print('获取uuid失败')
        return

    print('正在获取二维码图片...')
    showQRImage()

    while waitForLogin() != '200':
        pass

    os.remove(QRImagePath)

    if not login():
        print('登录失败')
        return

    if not webwxinit():
        print('初始化失败')
        return

    MemberList = webwxgetcontact()

    threading.Thread(target=heartBeatLoop)

    MemberCount = len(MemberList)
    print('通讯录共%s位好友' % MemberCount)
    print(MemberList)

    d = {}
    imageIndex = 0
    # 写入csv
    csvfile = open('friend2.csv', 'w', newline='') 
    # csvfile.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(['name', 'city', 'male', 'star', 'signature', 'remark', 'alias', 'nick'])
    for Member in MemberList:
        global writer
        imageIndex = imageIndex + 1
        name = 'D:\\Python\\Demo\\image\\image' + str(imageIndex) + '.jpg'
        imageUrl = 'https://wx.qq.com' + Member['HeadImgUrl']
        r = myRequests.get(url=imageUrl, headers=headers)
        imageContent = (r.content)
        fileImage = open(name, 'wb')
        fileImage.write(imageContent)
        fileImage.close()
        print('正在下载第：' + str(imageIndex) + '位好友头像')
        d[Member['UserName']] = (Member['NickName'], Member['RemarkName'])
        city = Member['City']
        city = 'nocity' if city == '' else  city
        name = Member['NickName']
        name = 'noname' if name == '' else  name
        sign = Member['Signature']
        sign = 'nosign' if sign == '' else  sign
        remark = Member['RemarkName']
        remark = 'noremark' if remark == '' else remark
        alias = Member['Alias']
        alias = 'noalias' if alias == '' else alias
        nick = Member['NickName']
        nick = 'nonick' if nick == '' else nick
        print(name, '  ^+*+^  ', city, '  ^+*+^  ', Member['Sex'], ' ^+*+^ ', Member['StarFriend'], ' ^+*+^ ', sign,
              ' ^+*+^ ', remark, ' ^+*+^ ', alias, ' ^+*+^ ', nick)
        # 写入csv
        writer.writerow([name.encode('gbk', 'ignore').decode('gbk'), city.encode('gbk', 'ignore').decode('gbk'),
                         Member['Sex'],
                         Member['StarFriend'], sign.encode('gbk', 'ignore').decode('gbk'),
                         remark.encode('gbk', 'ignore').decode('gbk'),
                         alias.encode('gbk', 'ignore').decode('gbk'),
                         nick.encode('gbk', 'ignore').decode('gbk')])
    csvfile.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    print('程序已安全退出...')

简单讲几点：

一、写入csv文件编码问题

      在上一篇文章中以及解释了。

二、登录出现问题

      没有找到系统，在120行左右:

    if sys.platform.find('darwin') >= 0:  # 'darwin'
        subprocess.call(['open', QRImagePath])
    elif sys.platform.find('linux') >= 0:
        subprocess.call(['xdg-open', QRImagePath])
    else:
        os.startfile(QRImagePath)

     最后的else分句不可少。

若有其他问题欢迎留言。