如何基于sdkman完成Java SDK版本切换

qwfys200

已于 2022-12-23 16:38:56 修改

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于 2020-08-04 13:03:11 首次发布

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本文介绍如何利用sdkman工具在Linux环境下便捷地管理多个版本的Java开发工具包(JDK)，包括安装、切换及卸载等操作，提供了一个简单易用的命令行界面。

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How to change the default Java version on Linux with sdkman

Overview
JDK Distributions
Install sdkman
List & install java

Overview

SDKMAN! is a tool for managing parallel versions of multiple Software Development Kits on most Unix based systems. It provides a convenient Command Line Interface (CLI) and API for installing, switching, removing and listing Candidates. Formerly known as GVM the Groovy enVironment Manager, it was inspired by the very useful RVM and rbenv tools, used at large by the Ruby community.

JDK Distributions

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Corretto (from Amazon)

Amazon Corretto is a no-cost, multiplatform, production-ready distribution of the Open Java Development Kit (OpenJDK). Corretto comes with long-term support that will include performance enhancements and security fixes. Amazon runs Corretto internally on thousands of production services and Corretto is certified as compatible with the Java SE standard. With Corretto, you can develop and run Java applications on popular operating systems, including Linux, Windows, and macOS.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-amzn

GraalVM (from Oracle)

GraalVM is a universal virtual machine for running applications written in JavaScript, Python, Ruby, R, JVM-based languages like Java, Scala, Groovy, Kotlin, Clojure, and LLVM-based languages such as C and C++. GraalVM removes the isolation between programming languages and enables interoperability in a shared runtime. It can run either standalone or in the context of OpenJDK, Node.js or Oracle Database.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-grl

Liberica (from Bellsoft)

Liberica is a 100% open-source Java implementation. It is built from OpenJDK which BellSoft contributes to, is thoroughly tested and passed the JCK provided under the license from OpenJDK. All supported versions of Liberica also contain JavaFX 12.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-librca

OpenJDK (from AdoptOpenJDK)

AdoptOpenJDK.net started in 2017 following years of discussions about the general lack of an open and reproducible build and test system for OpenJDK source across multiple platforms. AdoptOpenJDK provides rock-solid OpenJDK binaries for the Java ecosystem and also provides infrastructure as code, and a Build farm for builders of OpenJDK, on any platform.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-adpt

OpenJDK (from jdk.java.net)

OpenJDK (Open Java Development Kit) is a free and open-source implementation of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE). It is the result of an effort Sun Microsystems began in 2006. The implementation is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) version 2 with a linking exception. Were it not for the GPL linking exception, components that linked to the Java class library would be subject to the terms of the GPL license. OpenJDK is the official reference implementation of Java SE since version 7.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-open

SapMachine (from SAP)

SAP SE is a German multinational software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. SAP is headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, Germany with regional offices in 180 countries. SapMachine is a downstream version of the OpenJDK project. It is used to build and maintain a SAP supported version of OpenJDK for SAP customers and partners who wish to use OpenJDK to run their applications. SAP is committed to ensuring the continued success of the Java platform.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-sapmchn

Zulu (from Azul Systems)

Azul Systems serves companies who need to deliver server-based Java applications for their web-facing customers (travel, online retail, gaming, SaaS), meet specific latency targets for real-time business systems (advertising networks, capital markets, communications) ensure timely maintenance or security updates for essential applications, or deliver Java-based systems for embedded and IoT use cases.

$ sdk install java x.y.z-zulu

Install sdkman

lwk@qwfys:~$ curl -s "https://get.sdkman.io" | bash

                                -+syyyyyyys:
                            `/yho:`       -yd.
                         `/yh/`             +m.
                       .oho.                 hy                          .`
                     .sh/`                   :N`                `-/o`  `+dyyo:.
                   .yh:`                     `M-          `-/osysoym  :hs` `-+sys:      hhyssssssssy+
                 .sh:`                       `N:          ms/-``  yy.yh-      -hy.    `.N-````````+N.
               `od/`                         `N-       -/oM-      ddd+`     `sd:     hNNm        -N:
              :do`                           .M.       dMMM-     `ms.      /d+`     `NMMs       `do
            .yy-                             :N`    ```mMMM.      -      -hy.       /MMM:       yh
          `+d+`           `:/oo/`       `-/osyh/ossssssdNMM`           .sh:         yMMN`      /m.
         -dh-           :ymNMMMMy  `-/shmNm-`:N/-.``   `.sN            /N-         `NMMy      .m/
       `oNs`          -hysosmMMMMydmNmds+-.:ohm           :             sd`        :MMM/      yy
      .hN+           /d:    -MMMmhs/-.`   .MMMh   .ss+-                 `yy`       sMMN`     :N.
     :mN/           `N/     `o/-`         :MMMo   +MMMN-         .`      `ds       mMMh      do
    /NN/            `N+....--:/+oooosooo+:sMMM:   hMMMM:        `my       .m+     -MMM+     :N.
   /NMo              -+ooooo+/:-....`...:+hNMN.  `NMMMd`        .MM/       -m:    oMMN.     hs
  -NMd`                                    :mm   -MMMm- .s/     -MMm.       /m-   mMMd     -N.
 `mMM/                                      .-   /MMh. -dMo     -MMMy        od. .MMMs..---yh
 +MMM.                                           sNo`.sNMM+     :MMMM/        sh`+MMMNmNm+++-
 mMMM-                                           /--ohmMMM+     :MMMMm.       `hyymmmdddo
 MMMMh.                  `````-+yy/`yMMM/     :MMMMMy       -sm:.``..-:-.`
 dMMMMmo-.``````..-:/osyhddddho.           `+shdh+.   hMMM:     :MmMMMM/   ./yy/` `:sys+/+sh/
 .dMMMMMMmdddddmmNMMMNNNNNMMMMMs           sNdo-      dMMM-  `-/yd/MMMMm-:sy+.   :hs-      /N`
  `/ymNNNNNNNmmdys+/::----/dMMm:          +m-         mMMM+ohmo/.` sMMMMdo-    .om:       `sh
     `.-----+/.`       `.-+hh/`         `od.          NMMNmds/     `mmy:`     +mMy      `:yy.
           /moyso+//+ossso:.           .yy`          `dy+:`         ..       :MMMN+---/oys:
         /+m:  `.-:::-`               /d+                                    +MMMMMMMNh:`
        +MN/                        -yh.                                     `+hddhy+.
       /MM+                       .sh:
      :NMo                      -sh/
     -NMs                    `/yy:
    .NMy                  `:sh+.
   `mMm`               ./yds-
  `dMMMmyo:-.````.-:oymNy:`
  +NMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMms:`
    -+shmNMMMNmdy+:`


                                                                 Now attempting installation...


Looking for a previous installation of SDKMAN...
Looking for unzip...
Looking for zip...
Looking for curl...
Looking for sed...
Installing SDKMAN scripts...
Create distribution directories...
Getting available candidates...
Prime the config file...
Download script archive...
######################################################################## 100.0%
Extract script archive...
Install scripts...
Set version to 5.8.5+522 ...
Attempt update of interactive bash profile on regular UNIX...
Added sdkman init snippet to /home/lwk/.bashrc
Attempt update of zsh profile...
Updated existing /home/lwk/.zshrc



All done!


Please open a new terminal, or run the following in the existing one:

    source "/home/lwk/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"

Then issue the following command:

    sdk help

Enjoy!!!
lwk@qwfys:~$

我们先来看看sdkman安装脚本向.bashrc中添加哪些内容

lwk@qwfys:~$ cat .bashrc 
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
	color_prompt=yes
    else
	color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

#THIS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE FILE FOR SDKMAN TO WORK!!!
export SDKMAN_DIR="$HOME/.sdkman"
[[ -s "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh" ]] && source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"
lwk@qwfys:~$

我们可以看到，下面这段内容，是sdkman新添加的：

#THIS MUST BE AT THE END OF THE FILE FOR SDKMAN TO WORK!!!
export SDKMAN_DIR="$HOME/.sdkman"
[[ -s "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh" ]] && source "$HOME/.sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh"

我们按提示执行如下脚本，完成环境变量激活

lwk@qwfys:~$ source .sdkman/bin/sdkman-init.sh

接下来，我们就可以正常使用sdkman为我们提供的sdk命令了。

lwk@qwfys:~$ sdk help

Usage: sdk <command> [candidate] [version]
       sdk offline <enable|disable>

   commands:
       install   or i    <candidate> [version] [local-path]
       uninstall or rm   <candidate> <version>
       list      or ls   [candidate]
       use       or u    <candidate> <version>
       default   or d    <candidate> [version]
       home      or h    <candidate> <version>
       env       or e    [init]
       current   or c    [candidate]
       upgrade   or ug   [candidate]
       version   or v
       broadcast or b
       help
       offline           [enable|disable]
       selfupdate        [force]
       update
       flush             <broadcast|archives|temp>

   candidate  :  the SDK to install: groovy, scala, grails, gradle, kotlin, etc.
                 use list command for comprehensive list of candidates
                 eg: $ sdk list
   version    :  where optional, defaults to latest stable if not provided
                 eg: $ sdk install groovy
   local-path :  optional path to an existing local installation
                 eg: $ sdk install groovy 2.4.13-local /opt/groovy-2.4.13

lwk@qwfys:~$

这里，我们看看sdkman向

List & install java

lwk@qwfys:~$ sdk list java
================================================================================
Available Java Versions
================================================================================
 Vendor        | Use | Version      | Dist    | Status     | Identifier
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 AdoptOpenJDK  |     | 14.0.2.j9    | adpt    |            | 14.0.2.j9-adpt      
               |     | 14.0.2.hs    | adpt    |            | 14.0.2.hs-adpt      
               |     | 13.0.2.j9    | adpt    |            | 13.0.2.j9-adpt      
               |     | 13.0.2.hs    | adpt    |            | 13.0.2.hs-adpt      
               |     | 12.0.2.j9    | adpt    |            | 12.0.2.j9-adpt      
               |     | 12.0.2.hs    | adpt    |            | 12.0.2.hs-adpt      
               |     | 11.0.8.j9    | adpt    |            | 11.0.8.j9-adpt      
               |     | 11.0.8.hs    | adpt    |            | 11.0.8.hs-adpt      
               |     | 8.0.265.j9   | adpt    |            | 8.0.265.j9-adpt     
               |     | 8.0.265.hs   | adpt    |            | 8.0.265.hs-adpt     
 Amazon        |     | 11.0.8       | amzn    |            | 11.0.8-amzn         
               |     | 8.0.265      | amzn    |            | 8.0.265-amzn        
 Azul Zulu     |     | 14.0.2       | zulu    |            | 14.0.2-zulu         
               |     | 13.0.4       | zulu    |            | 13.0.4-zulu         
               |     | 13.0.4.fx    | zulu    |            | 13.0.4.fx-zulu      
               |     | 12.0.2       | zulu    |            | 12.0.2-zulu         
               |     | 11.0.8       | zulu    |            | 11.0.8-zulu         
               |     | 11.0.8.fx    | zulu    |            | 11.0.8.fx-zulu      
               |     | 10.0.2       | zulu    |            | 10.0.2-zulu         
               |     | 9.0.7        | zulu    |            | 9.0.7-zulu          
               |     | 8.0.262      | zulu    |            | 8.0.262-zulu        
               |     | 8.0.262.fx   | zulu    |            | 8.0.262.fx-zulu     
               |     | 8.0.232.fx   | zulu    |            | 8.0.232.fx-zulu     
               |     | 7.0.262      | zulu    |            | 7.0.262-zulu        
               |     | 6.0.119      | zulu    |            | 6.0.119-zulu        
 BellSoft      |     | 14.0.2.fx    | librca  |            | 14.0.2.fx-librca    
               |     | 14.0.2       | librca  |            | 14.0.2-librca       
               |     | 13.0.2.fx    | librca  |            | 13.0.2.fx-librca    
               |     | 13.0.2       | librca  |            | 13.0.2-librca       
               |     | 12.0.2       | librca  |            | 12.0.2-librca       
               |     | 11.0.8.fx    | librca  |            | 11.0.8.fx-librca    
               |     | 11.0.8       | librca  |            | 11.0.8-librca       
               |     | 8.0.262.fx   | librca  |            | 8.0.262.fx-librca   
               |     | 8.0.262      | librca  |            | 8.0.262-librca      
 GraalVM       |     | 20.1.0.r11   | grl     |            | 20.1.0.r11-grl      
               |     | 20.1.0.r8    | grl     |            | 20.1.0.r8-grl       
               |     | 20.0.0.r11   | grl     |            | 20.0.0.r11-grl      
               |     | 20.0.0.r8    | grl     |            | 20.0.0.r8-grl       
               |     | 19.3.1.r11   | grl     |            | 19.3.1.r11-grl      
               |     | 19.3.1.r8    | grl     |            | 19.3.1.r8-grl       
 Java.net      |     | 16.ea.8      | open    |            | 16.ea.8-open        
               |     | 15.ea.34     | open    |            | 15.ea.34-open       
               |     | 14.0.2       | open    |            | 14.0.2-open         
               |     | 13.0.2       | open    |            | 13.0.2-open         
               |     | 12.0.2       | open    |            | 12.0.2-open         
               |     | 11.0.7       | open    |            | 11.0.7-open         
               |     | 10.0.2       | open    |            | 10.0.2-open         
               |     | 9.0.4        | open    |            | 9.0.4-open          
               |     | 8.0.252      | open    |            | 8.0.252-open        
 SAP           |     | 14.0.2       | sapmchn |            | 14.0.2-sapmchn      
               |     | 13.0.2       | sapmchn |            | 13.0.2-sapmchn      
               |     | 12.0.2       | sapmchn |            | 12.0.2-sapmchn      
               |     | 11.0.8       | sapmchn |            | 11.0.8-sapmchn      
================================================================================
Use the Identifier for installation:

    $ sdk install java 11.0.3.hs-adpt
================================================================================
lwk@qwfys:~$

Install openjdk 14.02 from java.net

lwk@qwfys:~$ sdk install java 14.0.2-open

Downloading: java 14.0.2-open

In progress...

####################################################################################################################################################################################################################################### 100.0%

Repackaging Java 14.0.2-open...

Done repackaging...

Installing: java 14.0.2-open
Done installing!


Setting java 14.0.2-open as default.
lwk@qwfys:~$ java -version
openjdk version "14.0.2" 2020-07-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 14.0.2+12-46)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 14.0.2+12-46, mixed mode, sharing)
lwk@qwfys:~$