SpringCloud第07讲:Http模板化客户端Feign

        Feign是Netflix开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端, Feign可以帮助我们更快捷、优雅地实现微服务之间的调用。

一、Feign的优点是什么?

1.feign采用的是基于接口的注解;

2.feign整合了ribbon,具有负载均衡的能力;

3.整合了Hystrix,具有熔断的能力。

二、项目编码

        服务消费者content-center(内容中心微服务)向服务提供者user-center(用户中心微服务)发送请求,获取用户的微信昵称,我们通过Feign来实现该需求。

请求路径:http://localhost:8082/user/1

响应的json数据:

{"id":1,"wxId":"aaa","wxNickname":"大坏蛋","roles":"admin","avatarUrl":"xxx","createTime":"2022-01-14T02:10:02.000+0000","updateTime":"2022-01-14T02:10:02.000+0000","bonus":100}

 2.1、在pom.xml中添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
    <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.2、在BootApplication中添加@EnableFeignClients注解

package personal.qin.contentcenter;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class ContentCenterApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ContentCenterApplication.class, args);
    }

}

2.3、新建FeignClient实现Feign远程请求

package personal.qin.contentcenter.feignclient;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import personal.qin.contentcenter.domain.dto.UserDTO;

//Feign访问微服务的名称
@FeignClient(name = "user-center")
public interface UserCenterFeignClient {
    /**
     * Feign会自动构建URL为http://user-center/user/{id}
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    UserDTO findById(@PathVariable Integer id);
}

2.4、新建测试Controller

package personal.qin.contentcenter.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import personal.qin.contentcenter.domain.dto.UserDTO;
import personal.qin.contentcenter.feignclient.UserCenterFeignClient;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/content")
public class ContentController {
    @Autowired
    private UserCenterFeignClient userCenterFeignClient;
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public UserDTO findById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return userCenterFeignClient.findById(id);
    }
}

2.5、测试效果

访问UserController可以通过feign顺利调用到user-center中的方法

http://localhost:8012/content/1

 

三、Feign自定义日志级别

级别打印内容
NONE(默认值)不记录任何日志
BASIC仅记录请求方法、URL、请求状态码以及执行时间
HEADERSBASIC级别的基础之上,记录请求和响应的header
FULL记录请求和响应的header、body和元数据

3.1、在application.yml添加属性

        在application.yml中结合log添加属性

#设置日志输出级别
logging:
  level:
    com.itmuch.contentcenter.feignclient.UserCenterFeignClient: debug
feign:
  client:
    config:
      #想要调用的微服务的名称
      user-center:
        loggerLevel: full

3.2、测试效果

四、Feign支持的配置项

配置项作用
Logger.Level指定日志级别
Retryer指定重试策略
ErrorDecoder指定错误解码器
Request.Options超时时间
Collection<RequestInterceptor>拦截器
SetterFactory用于设置Hystrix的配置属性,当Feign整合Hystrix时才会使用

 application.yml配置参考

五、多参数请求

        多参数可以使用@SpringQueryMap注解实现

package com.itmuch.contentcenter.feignclient;

import com.itmuch.contentcenter.domain.dto.user.UserDTO;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.SpringQueryMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient(name = "user-center")
public interface TestUserCenterFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("/q")
    UserDTO query(@SpringQueryMap UserDTO userDTO);
}

 注意,在开发中可能会出现多个Feign接口访问同一个微服务的情况,解决方法:

在application.yml中添加属性配置

spring:
  #解决Feign多个Client接口指向同一个微服务出现异常的问题
  main:
    allow-bean-definition-overriding: true

六、脱离Nacos单独使用Feign

6.1、新建FeignClient,请求百度

package com.itmuch.contentcenter.feignclient;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@FeignClient(name = "baidu", url = "http://www.baidu.com")
public interface TestBaiduFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("")
    public String index();
}

6.2、在测试Controller中调用FeignClient方法

@Autowired
private TestBaiduFeignClient testBaiduFeignClient;

@GetMapping("baidu")
public String baiduIndex(){
    return testBaiduFeignClient.index();
}

6.3、测试效果

 七、RestTemplate和Feign对比

角度RestTemplateFeign
可读性、可维护性一般极佳
开发体验欠佳极佳
性能很好中等(RestTemplate的50%左右,但是可以使用连接池将性能提升15%所有)
灵活性极佳中等(内置功能可以满足绝大多数需求)

八、Feign的性能优化

8.1、使用连接池提升15%性能

pom.xml中添加依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
    <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml中添加属性配置连接池

feign: 
  httpclient:
    #让feign使用Apache httpclient做请求,而不是默认的urlconnection
    enabled: true
    #feign的最大连接数
    max-connections: 200
    #feign单个路径的最大连接数
    max-connections-per-route: 50

8.2、将日志的级别设置为basic,不要使用full

feign:
  client:
    config:
      #想要调用的微服务的名称或全局配置
      default:
        loggerLevel: basic

九、Feign的常见问题总结

参考:https://www.imooc.com/article/289005

十、pom.xml及源代码下载

(代码)SpringCloud第07讲:Http模板化客户端Feign

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>personal.qin</groupId>
    <artifactId>content-center</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>content-center</name>
    <description>content-center</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.8</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>5.5.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!--整合spring cloud-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Greenwich.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--整合spring cloud alibaba-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.6</version>
                <configuration>
                    <configurationFile>
                        ${basedir}/src/main/resources/generator/generatorConfig.xml
                    </configurationFile>
                    <overwrite>true</overwrite>
                    <verbose>true</verbose>
                </configuration>
                <dependencies>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                        <version>8.0.16</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
                        <artifactId>mapper</artifactId>
                        <version>4.1.5</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

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