spring学习之属性注入

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 03:27:16 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-03 03:27:16 发布

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分类专栏：框架文章标签： spring

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spring学习之属性注入

首先准备工作

本项目的目录结构如下：

spring中属性的相互关系是通过applicationContext.xml来管理的，spring提倡面向接口的编程，因此在dao层使用接口抽象方法。

下面是各层的代码：

public interface StudentsDAO {

	//保存学生
	public boolean saveStudents(Students s);
}

接口的实现类。

public class StudentsDAOImpl implements StudentsDAO {

	@Override
	public boolean saveStudents(Students s) {
		if(s!=null)
		{
			System.out.println("学号"+s.getSid());
			System.out.println("姓名"+s.getSname());
			System.out.println("年龄"+s.getAge());
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}

}

public class Students {

	private String sid;
	private String sname;
	private int age;
	
	public Students() {
		super();
	}
	public Students(String sid, String sname, int age) {
		super();
		this.sid = sid;
		this.sname = sname;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public String getSid() {
		return sid;
	}
	public void setSid(String sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}
	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}
	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}	
}

一定要实现get和set方法，不然在applicationContext.xml中无法实现属性的注入。

public class StudentsService {

	private StudentsDAO sDAO;
	private Students s;
	public StudentsDAO getsDAO() {
		return sDAO;
	}

	public void setsDAO(StudentsDAO sDAO) {
		this.sDAO = sDAO;
	}
	
	public Students getS() {
		return s;
	}

	public void setS(Students s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	//保存学生
	public boolean save(){
		if(sDAO.saveStudents(s))
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
}

接着我们来说明spring的第一种注入方式 setter注入

applicationContext.xml文件如下：

bean studentsService这个类依赖于属性s和sDAO，而s和sDAO又是对bean students和studentsDAO的引用。它们的注入是通过类studentsService中students和studentsDAO的set方法注入进来的。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
	">
	<context:annotation-config/>
	<bean name="students" class="com.qzp.model.Students"></bean>
	<bean name="studentsDAO" class="com.qzp.dao.impl.StudentsDAOImpl"></bean>
	<bean name="studentsService" class="com.qzp.service.StudentsService">
		<property name="s" ref="students"></property>
		<property name="sDAO" ref="studentsDAO"></property>	
	</bean>   	
</beans>

附上测试方法:

public  class TestStudentsService extends TestCase{
	
	public void testSaveStudents(){
		ApplicationContext cxt=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Students s=(Students)cxt.getBean("students");
		s.setSid("001");
		s.setSname("qzp");
		s.setAge(25);
		StudentsService sService=(StudentsService)cxt.getBean("studentsService");
		//使用断言，如果二者相等，通过
		Assert.assertEquals(true, sService.saveStudents());		
	}
}

第二种注入方式：构造方法注入

在applicationContext.xml的students bean中添加如下的三个值，即可完成构造方法的注入。

如果是string和int类型可以不写，它会帮助你进行类型转换。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
	">
	<bean name="students" class="com.qzp.model.Students">
		<constructor-arg index="0" type="java.lang.String" value="001"/>
                <constructor-arg index="1" value="qzp"/>
		<constructor-arg index="2" value="25"/>
	</bean>
	<bean name="studentsDAO" class="com.qzp.dao.impl.StudentsDAOImpl"></bean>
	<bean name="studentsService" class="com.qzp.service.StudentsService">
		<property name="s" ref="students"></property>
		<property name="sDAO" ref="studentsDAO"></property>	
	</bean>
	   	
</beans>

测试代码如下，此时就不需要在实例化bean时一个个set值进去了。(对比第一种的测试方法)

public  class TestStudentsService extends TestCase{
	
	public void testSaveStudents(){
		ApplicationContext cxt=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		StudentsService sService=(StudentsService)cxt.getBean("studentsService");
		//使用断言，如果二者相等，通过
		Assert.assertEquals(true, sService.saveStudents());		
	}
}

第三种使用注解注入

好处不比写一堆长长的applicationContext.xml文件

1.修改applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
	">
	<!-- 加入对注解的支持 -->
	<context:annotation-config/>
	<bean name="students" class="com.qzp.model.Students"></bean>
	<bean name="studentsDAO" class="com.qzp.dao.impl.StudentsDAOImpl"></bean>
	<bean name="studentsService" class="com.qzp.service.StudentsService"></bean>
</beans>

2.修改studentsService类

其中有两种方法一种是@Resource，另一种是@Autowired

使用@Resource(name="students")，通过name来指定对应的bean的名称。

public class StudentsService {

	//name对应applicationContext中bean的name
	@Resource(name="studentsDAO")
	private StudentsDAO sDAO;
	@Resource(name="students")
	private Students s;
	public StudentsDAO getsDAO() {
		return sDAO;
	}

	public void setsDAO(StudentsDAO sDAO) {
		this.sDAO = sDAO;
	}
	
	public Students getS() {
		return s;
	}

	public void setS(Students s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	//保存学生
	public boolean saveStudents(){
		if(sDAO.saveStudents(s))
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
}

或者使用@Autowired，他会按照类型来匹配使用@Qualfer("students")来指定bean的名称

public class StudentsService {

	//name对应applicationContext中bean的name
	//@Resource(name="studentsDAO")
	//按照类型来匹配，因为它们的类型不同，
	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("studentsDAO")
	private StudentsDAO sDAO;
	//@Resource(name="students")
	@Autowired
	@Qualifier("students")
	private Students s;
	public StudentsDAO getsDAO() {
		return sDAO;
	}

	public void setsDAO(StudentsDAO sDAO) {
		this.sDAO = sDAO;
	}
	
	public Students getS() {
		return s;
	}

	public void setS(Students s) {
		this.s = s;
	}

	//保存学生
	public boolean saveStudents(){
		if(sDAO.saveStudents(s))
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}
}

3.测试

public  class TestStudentsService extends TestCase{
	
	public void testSaveStudents(){
		ApplicationContext cxt=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		StudentsService sService=(StudentsService)cxt.getBean("studentsService");
		//使用断言，如果二者相等，通过
		Assert.assertEquals(true, sService.saveStudents());
		
	}
}

测试成功。