拦截器原理

源码

DispatcherServlet#doDispatch

protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
	// Determine handler for the current request.
	mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);

	// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
	HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

	if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
		return;
	}

	// Actually invoke the handler.
	mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

	mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);

	processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}

DispatcherServlet#getHandler

getHandler方法会根据当前请求，找到能够处理请求的handler及handler的所有拦截器。
本例中，访问接口：localhost:8080/main，该请求将交给IndexController#main()方法处理。

protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
		for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
			HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
			if (handler != null) {
				return handler;
			}
		}
	}
	return null;
}

HandlerExecutionChain#applyPreHandle

boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	for (int i = 0; i < this.interceptorList.size(); i++) {
		HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
		if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
			return false;
		}
		this.interceptorIndex = i;
	}
	return true;
}

for (int i = 0; i < this.interceptorList.size(); i++)，将 顺序执行 拦截器的preHandle方法。
如果当前拦截器preHandle方法返回true，则执行下一个拦截器的preHandle方法。
如果当前拦截器preHandler方法返回false，则 倒序执行 已执行的拦截器的afterCompletion方法。

所有拦截器中，如果任一拦截器的preHandle方法返回false，则直接return，后面不会执行控制器方法。
只有所有拦截器的preHandle方法都返回true时，后面才会执行控制器方法。

HandlerExecutionChain#applyPostHandle

void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable ModelAndView mv)
		throws Exception {

	for (int i = this.interceptorList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
		interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
	}
}

for (int i = this.interceptorList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--)，倒序执行 所有拦截器的postHandle方法。

DispatcherServlet#processDispatchResult

private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
		@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
		@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
	// Did the handler return a view to render?
	if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
		render(mv, request, response);
	}
	if (mappedHandler != null) {
		// Exception (if any) is already handled..
		mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
	}
}

DispatcherServlet#render

protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	View view;
	String viewName = mv.getViewName();
	if (viewName != null) {
		// We need to resolve the view name.
		view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
	}
	try {
		view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
	}
	catch (Exception ex) {
	}
}

HandlerExecutionChain#triggerAfterCompletion

void triggerAfterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable Exception ex) {
	for (int i = this.interceptorIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
		HandlerInterceptor interceptor = this.interceptorList.get(i);
		try {
			interceptor.afterCompletion(request, response, this.handler, ex);
		}
		catch (Throwable ex2) {
			logger.error("HandlerInterceptor.afterCompletion threw exception", ex2);
		}
	}
}

页面渲染完成后，将 倒序执行 拦截器的afterCompletion方法。

小结

1. 根据当前请求，找到能够处理请求的handler及handler的所有拦截器。
2. 将 顺序执行 所有拦截器的preHandle方法。
   2.1. 如果当前拦截器的preHandle方法返回true，则继续执行下一个拦截器的preHandle；
   2.2. 如果当前拦截器的preHandle方法返回false，则 倒序执行 已执行拦截器的afterCompletion；
   2.3. 如果任意拦截器的preHandle方法返回false，则后面不会执行控制器方法；
   2.4. 只有所有拦截器的preHandle方法返回true，后面才会执行控制器方法。
3. 所有拦截器的preHandle方法返回true，将执行控制器方法。
4. 控制器方法执行后，将 倒序执行 所有拦截器的postHandle方法。
5. 进行视图渲染。
6. 视图渲染完成后，将 倒序执行 所有拦截器的afterCompletion方法。

以上过程，可用下图表示。