int tcp_client(unsigned short port);//启动客户端
int tcp_server(const char *host, unsigned short port);//启动tcp服务器
int getlocalip(char *ip);//获取本地IP地址
const char* statbuf_get_date(struct stat *sbuf) //获取本地时间
void activate_nonblock(int fd); //将文件描述符设置为非阻塞模式
void deactivate_nonblock(int fd);//将文件描述符去掉为非阻塞模式
int read_timeout(int fd, unsigned int wait_seconds);//读超时检测函数,不含读操作
int write_timeout(int fd, unsigned int wait_seconds); //读超时检测函数,不含写操作
int accept_timeout(int fd, struct sockaddr_in *addr, unsigned int wait_seconds);//接受连接超时函数
int connect_timeout(int fd, struct sockaddr_in *addr, unsigned int wait_seconds);//连接超时函数
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);//读取固定字节数
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);//发送固定字节数
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len);//仅仅查看套接字缓冲区数据,但不移除数据
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline);//按行读取函数
void send_fd(int sock_fd, int fd);//发送文件描述符
int recv_fd(const int sock_fd); //接受文件描述符
const char* statbuf_get_perms(struct stat *sbuf);
int lock_file_read(int fd);//文件加锁
int lock_file_write(int fd);
int unlock_file(int fd);//文件解锁
long get_time_sec(void);
long get_time_usec(void);
void nano_sleep(double seconds);
void activate_oobinline(int fd);// 开启套接字fd接收带外数据的功能
void activate_sigurg(int fd);//当文件描述fd上有带外数据的时候,将产生SIGURG信号,
//需要包含的头文件
#include <unistd.h> //unix环境编程所需要的头文件
#include <sys/types.h> //一些类型
#include <pwd.h>
#include <shadow.h>
#include <crypt.h>
#include <fcntl.h> //fcntl的头文件
#include <errno.h>//出错的处理
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>//套接字编程
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h> //gethostname的头文件
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <sys/sendfile.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include<sys/ioctl.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <stdlib.h> //标准C编程所需要的头文件
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define ERR_EXIT(m) \
do \
{ \
perror(m); \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} \
while (0)
#include "sysutil.h"
int tcp_client(unsigned short port)//创建套接字
{
int sock;
if ((sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("tcp_client");
if (port > 0)
{
int on = 1;
if ((setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&on, sizeof(on))) < 0)//设置端口复用
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
char ip[16] = {0};
getlocalip(ip);//获取本地IP地址
struct sockaddr_in localaddr;
memset(&localaddr, 0, sizeof(localaddr));//servaddr全部填充为0
localaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;//代表internet地址族
localaddr.sin_port = htons(port);
localaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);//字符串IP转换成二进制IP
if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&localaddr, sizeof(localaddr)) < 0)//绑定
ERR_EXIT("bind");
}
return sock;
}
/**
* tcp_server - 启动tcp服务器
* @host: 服务器IP地址或者服务器主机名
* @port: 服务器端口
* 成功返回监听套接字
*/
int tcp_server(const char *host, unsigned short port)
{
int listenfd;
if ((listenfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)//创建监听套接字
ERR_EXIT("tcp_server");
struct sockaddr_in servaddr;//定义一个本地地址
memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));//servaddr全部填充为0
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;//代表internet地址族
if (host != NULL)//判断是否为空
{
//将host的点分十进制(字符串类型)的IP地址,转换成二进制ip地址,转化后的值保存在指针&servaddr.sin_addr指向的sockaddr_in中
//转化成功后返回非0(就是他是有效的IP地址),失败返回0(他是无效的IP地址)
if (inet_aton(host, &servaddr.sin_addr) == 0)
{
//这是0,说明他不是一个合法的IP地址,而很可能是个服务器的主机名,下面是通过服务器的主机名来获取主机IP地址
//如果他是主机名的话
struct hostent *hp;
//hostent是host entry的缩写,该结构记录主机的信息,包括主机名、别名、地址类型、地址长度和地址列表
hp = gethostbyname(host);
//gethostbyname() 返回对应于给定 主机名的包含主机名字和地址信息的hostent结构指针。//返回:非空指针——成功,空指针——出错
if (hp == NULL)//返回失败
ERR_EXIT("gethostbyname");
servaddr.sin_addr = *(struct in_addr*)hp->h_addr;
//hp->h_addr是主机的IP地址,但他是char*类型,需用(struct in_addr*)强制转换成int*类型,又sin_addr是unsigned long int类型,
//所以最前面又加啦个(*)取内容操作符,,sin_addr保存的是二进制IP地址形式
}
}
else//如果传进来的host为NULL
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);//字符串IP地址,转换位二进制ip地址 INADDR_ANY就是指定地址为0.0.0.0的地址
servaddr.sin_port = htons(port);
int on = 1;
if ((setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*)&on, sizeof(on))) < 0)//设置端口复用
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
if (bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("bind");
if (listen(listenfd, SOMAXCONN) < 0)
ERR_EXIT("listen");
return listenfd;
}
//获得本地IP
int getlocalip(char *ip)
{
/*
char host[100] = {0};
if (gethostname(host, sizeof(host)) < 0)
return -1;
struct hostent *hp;
if ((hp = gethostbyname(host)) == NULL)
return -1;
strcpy(ip, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr*)hp->h_addr));
return 0;
*/
int sockfd;
if(-1 == (sockfd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)))
{
perror( "socket" );
return -1;
}
struct ifreq req;
struct sockaddr_in *host;
bzero(&req, sizeof(struct ifreq));
strcpy(req.ifr_name, "eth0");
ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, &req);
host = (struct sockaddr_in*)&req.ifr_addr;
strcpy(ip, inet_ntoa(host->sin_addr));
close(sockfd);
return 1;
}
/**
* activate_noblock - 设置I/O为非阻塞模式
* @fd: 文件描符符
*/
void activate_nonblock(int fd)
{
int ret;
int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
if (flags == -1)
ERR_EXIT("fcntl");
flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
ret = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags);
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("fcntl");
}
/**
* deactivate_nonblock - 设置I/O为阻塞模式
* @fd: 文件描符符
*/
void deactivate_nonblock(int fd)
{
int ret;
int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
if (flags == -1)
ERR_EXIT("fcntl");
flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
ret = fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags);
if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("fcntl");
}
/**
* read_timeout - 读超时检测函数,不含读操作
* @fd: 文件描述符
* @wait_seconds: 等待超时秒数,如果为0表示不检测超时
* 成功(未超时)返回0,失败返回-1,超时返回-1并且errno = ETIMEDOUT
*/
int read_timeout(int fd, unsigned int wait_seconds)
{
int ret = 0;
if (wait_seconds > 0)
{
fd_set read_fdset;
struct timeval timeout;
FD_ZERO(&read_fdset);
FD_SET(fd, &read_fdset);
timeout.tv_sec = wait_seconds;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
do
{
ret = select(fd + 1, &read_fdset, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret == 0)
{
ret = -1;
errno = ETIMEDOUT;
}
else if (ret == 1)
ret = 0;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* write_timeout - 读超时检测函数,不含写操作
* @fd: 文件描述符
* @wait_seconds: 等待超时秒数,如果为0表示不检测超时
* 成功(未超时)返回0,失败返回-1,超时返回-1并且errno = ETIMEDOUT
*/
int write_timeout(int fd, unsigned int wait_seconds)
{
int ret = 0;
if (wait_seconds > 0)
{
fd_set write_fdset;
struct timeval timeout;
FD_ZERO(&write_fdset);
FD_SET(fd, &write_fdset);
timeout.tv_sec = wait_seconds;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
do
{
ret = select(fd + 1, NULL, NULL, &write_fdset, &timeout);
} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret == 0)
{
ret = -1;
errno = ETIMEDOUT;
}
else if (ret == 1)
ret = 0;
}
return ret;
}
/**
* accept_timeout - 带超时的accept
* @fd: 套接字
* @addr: 输出参数,返回对方地址
* @wait_seconds: 等待超时秒数,如果为0表示正常模式
* 成功(未超时)返回已连接套接字,超时返回-1并且errno = ETIMEDOUT
所谓连接超时函数就是先用select函数来侦测监听套接字是否在一定时间内有客户端来进行连接,有连接的话就执行accpet函数
* 没有客户端连接的话就超时,重新循环来侦测,
*/
int accept_timeout(int fd, struct sockaddr_in *addr, unsigned int wait_seconds)
{
int ret;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if (wait_seconds > 0)
{
fd_set accept_fdset;//套接字集合
struct timeval timeout;
FD_ZERO(&accept_fdset);//将你的套节字集合清空
FD_SET(fd, &accept_fdset);//加入你感兴趣的套节字到集合,这里是一个读数据的套节字fd
timeout.tv_sec = wait_seconds;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
do
{
//检查套节字是否可读,//很多情况下就是是否有数据(注意,只是说很多情况)
ret = select(fd + 1, &accept_fdset, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);//当监视的套接字没有数据过来的时候,也就你那个监听的套接字,没有客户端过来连接的时候
if (ret == -1)
return -1;
else if (ret == 0)//超时
{
errno = ETIMEDOUT;
return -1;
}
}
if (addr != NULL)
ret = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)addr, &addrlen);
else
ret = accept(fd, NULL, NULL);
/* if (ret == -1)
ERR_EXIT("accept");
*/
return ret;
}
/**
* connect_timeout - connect
* @fd: 套接字
* @addr: 要连接的对方地址
* @wait_seconds: 等待超时秒数,如果为0表示正常模式
* 成功(未超时)返回0,失败返回-1,超时返回-1并且errno = ETIMEDOUT
*/
int connect_timeout(int fd, struct sockaddr_in *addr, unsigned int wait_seconds)
{
int ret;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
if (wait_seconds > 0)
activate_nonblock(fd);
ret = connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*)addr, addrlen);
if (ret < 0 && errno == EINPROGRESS)
{
//printf("AAAAA\n");
fd_set connect_fdset;
struct timeval timeout;
FD_ZERO(&connect_fdset);
FD_SET(fd, &connect_fdset);
timeout.tv_sec = wait_seconds;
timeout.tv_usec = 0;
do
{
/* 一量连接建立,套接字就可写 */
ret = select(fd + 1, NULL, &connect_fdset, NULL, &timeout);
} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
if (ret == 0)
{
ret = -1;
errno = ETIMEDOUT;
}
else if (ret < 0)
return -1;
else if (ret == 1)
{
//printf("BBBBB\n");
/* ret返回为1,可能有两种情况,一种是连接建立成功,一种是套接字产生错误,*/
/* 此时错误信息不会保存至errno变量中,因此,需要调用getsockopt来获取。 */
int err;
socklen_t socklen = sizeof(err);
int sockoptret = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, &err, &socklen);
if (sockoptret == -1)
{
return -1;
}
if (err == 0)
{
//printf("DDDDDDD\n");
ret = 0;
}
else
{
//printf("CCCCCC\n");
errno = err;
ret = -1;
}
}
}
if (wait_seconds > 0)
{
deactivate_nonblock(fd);
}
return ret;
}
/**
* readn - 读取固定字节数
* @fd: 文件描述符
* @buf: 接收缓冲区
* @count: 要读取的字节数
* 成功返回count,失败返回-1,读到EOF返回<count
*/
ssize_t readn(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nread;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while (nleft > 0)
{
if ((nread = read(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if (nread == 0)
return count - nleft;
bufp += nread;
nleft -= nread;
}
return count;
}
/**
* writen - 发送固定字节数
* @fd: 文件描述符
* @buf: 发送缓冲区
* @count: 要读取的字节数
* 成功返回count,失败返回-1
*/
ssize_t writen(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
{
size_t nleft = count;
ssize_t nwritten;
char *bufp = (char*)buf;
while (nleft > 0)
{
if ((nwritten = write(fd, bufp, nleft)) < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
return -1;
}
else if (nwritten == 0)
continue;
bufp += nwritten;
nleft -= nwritten;
}
return count;
}
/**
* recv_peek - 仅仅查看套接字缓冲区数据,但不移除数据
* @sockfd: 套接字
* @buf: 接收缓冲区
* @len: 长度
* 成功返回>=0,失败返回-1
*/
ssize_t recv_peek(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len)
{
while (1)
{
int ret = recv(sockfd, buf, len, MSG_PEEK); //函数执行成功则返回接受到的字节数
if (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR)//返回-1是错误发生,
continue;//进入下次循环
return ret;//终止当前循环,,返回接受到字节数
}
}
/**
* readline - 按行读取数据
* @sockfd: 套接字
* @buf: 接收缓冲区
* @maxline: 每行最大长度
* 成功返回>=0,失败返回-1
*/
ssize_t readline(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t maxline)
{
int ret;
int nread;
char *bufp = buf;
int nleft = maxline;
while (1)
{
ret = recv_peek(sockfd, bufp, nleft);
if (ret < 0)
return ret;
else if (ret == 0)
return ret;
nread = ret;
int i;
for (i=0; i<nread; i++)
{
if (bufp[i] == '\n')
{
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, i+1);
if (ret != i+1)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
return ret;
}
}
if (nread > nleft)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
nleft -= nread;
ret = readn(sockfd, bufp, nread);
if (ret != nread)
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
bufp += nread;
}
return -1;
}
void send_fd(int sock_fd, int fd)
{
int ret;
struct msghdr msg;
struct cmsghdr *p_cmsg;
struct iovec vec;
char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(fd))];
int *p_fds;
char sendchar = 0;
msg.msg_control = cmsgbuf;
msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf);
p_cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
p_cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
p_cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
p_cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(fd));
p_fds = (int*)CMSG_DATA(p_cmsg);
*p_fds = fd;
msg.msg_name = NULL;
msg.msg_namelen = 0;
msg.msg_iov = &vec;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
msg.msg_flags = 0;
vec.iov_base = &sendchar;
vec.iov_len = sizeof(sendchar);
ret = sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
if (ret != 1)
ERR_EXIT("sendmsg");
}
int recv_fd(const int sock_fd)
{
int ret;
struct msghdr msg;
char recvchar;
struct iovec vec;
int recv_fd;
char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(recv_fd))];
struct cmsghdr *p_cmsg;
int *p_fd;
vec.iov_base = &recvchar;
vec.iov_len = sizeof(recvchar);
msg.msg_name = NULL;
msg.msg_namelen = 0;
msg.msg_iov = &vec;
msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
msg.msg_control = cmsgbuf;
msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cmsgbuf);
msg.msg_flags = 0;
p_fd = (int*)CMSG_DATA(CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg));
*p_fd = -1;
ret = recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
if (ret != 1)
ERR_EXIT("recvmsg");
p_cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
if (p_cmsg == NULL)
ERR_EXIT("no passed fd");
p_fd = (int*)CMSG_DATA(p_cmsg);
recv_fd = *p_fd;
if (recv_fd == -1)
ERR_EXIT("no passed fd");
return recv_fd;
}
const char* statbuf_get_perms(struct stat *sbuf) //const表示返回的字符串是不能更改的
{
static char perms[]="----------";//用来表示权限的
perms[0]='?';
mode_t mode=sbuf->st_mode;//文件的类型
switch(mode&S_IFMT)
{
case S_IFREG:
perms[0]='-'; //-表示普通文件
break;
case S_IFDIR:
perms[0]='d'; //-表示目录文件
break;
case S_IFLNK:
perms[0]='l'; //-表示符号链接文件
break;
case S_IFIFO:
perms[0]='p'; //-表示管道文件
break;
case S_IFSOCK:
perms[0]='s'; //-表示套接字文件
break;
case S_IFCHR:
perms[0]='c'; //-表示字符设备文件
break;
case S_IFBLK:
perms[0]='b'; //-表示块设备文件
break;
}
if (mode & S_IRUSR) //组用户的读写执行权限
{
perms[1] = 'r';
}
if (mode & S_IWUSR)
{
perms[2] = 'w';
}
if (mode & S_IXUSR)
{
perms[3] = 'x';
}
if (mode & S_IRGRP)
{
perms[4] = 'r';
}
if (mode & S_IWGRP)
{
perms[5] = 'w';
}
if (mode & S_IXGRP)
{
perms[6] = 'x';
}
if (mode & S_IROTH)
{
perms[7] = 'r';
}
if (mode & S_IWOTH)
{
perms[8] = 'w';
}
if (mode & S_IXOTH)
{
perms[9] = 'x';
}
if (mode & S_ISUID) //特殊权限位
{
perms[3] = (perms[3] == 'x') ? 's' : 'S';
}
if (mode & S_ISGID)
{
perms[6] = (perms[6] == 'x') ? 's' : 'S';
}
if (mode & S_ISVTX)
{
perms[9] = (perms[9] == 'x') ? 't' : 'T';
}
return perms;
}
//获取当地时间
const char* statbuf_get_date(struct stat *sbuf)
{
static char datebuf[64] = {0};
const char *p_date_format = "%b %e %H:%M"; //日期格式
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);//gettimeofday()会把目前的时间用tv 结构体返回,当地时区的信息则放到tz所指的结构中
time_t local_time = tv.tv_sec;
if (sbuf->st_mtime > local_time || (local_time - sbuf->st_mtime) > 60*60*24*182)//如果当前时间大于系统时间
{
p_date_format = "%b %e %Y";//日期进行格式化
}
struct tm* p_tm = localtime(&local_time);
strftime(datebuf, sizeof(datebuf), p_date_format, p_tm);
return datebuf;
}
//文件加锁
static int lock_internal(int fd, int lock_type)
{
int ret;
struct flock the_lock; //锁的结构体
memset(&the_lock, 0, sizeof(the_lock));//锁清零
the_lock.l_type = lock_type;//锁的类型-》读的锁
the_lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;//锁的位置,从哪里开始加锁-》从文件头部开始加锁
the_lock.l_start = 0;//从头部的偏移位置开始加锁 就是从文件头开始加锁
the_lock.l_len = 0;//加锁的范围,这是0,表示整个文件加锁
do
{
ret = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &the_lock);//进行加锁
}
while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);//也要处理信号中断的问题 errno == EINTR 就是信号中断的问题
return ret;
}
int lock_file_read(int fd)//文件加锁
{
return lock_internal(fd, F_RDLCK);
}
int lock_file_write(int fd)
{
return lock_internal(fd, F_WRLCK);
}
//文件解锁
int unlock_file(int fd)
{
int ret;
struct flock the_lock;
memset(&the_lock, 0, sizeof(the_lock));
the_lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
the_lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
the_lock.l_start = 0;
the_lock.l_len = 0;
ret = fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, &the_lock);
return ret;
}
static struct timeval s_curr_time;
long get_time_sec(void)
{
if (gettimeofday(&s_curr_time, NULL) < 0)
{
ERR_EXIT("gettimeofday");
}
return s_curr_time.tv_sec;
}
long get_time_usec(void)
{
/*
struct timeval curr_time;
if (gettimeofday(&curr_time, NULL) < 0)
{
ERR_EXIT("gettimeofday");
}
return curr_time.tv_usec;
*/
return s_curr_time.tv_usec;
}
void nano_sleep(double seconds)
{
time_t secs = (time_t)seconds; // 整数部分
double fractional = seconds - (double)secs; // 小数部分
struct timespec ts;
ts.tv_sec = secs;
ts.tv_nsec = (long)(fractional * (double)1000000000);
int ret;
do
{
ret = nanosleep(&ts, &ts);
}
while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
}
// 开启套接字fd接收带外数据的功能
void activate_oobinline(int fd)
{
int oob_inline = 1;
int ret;
ret = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_OOBINLINE, &oob_inline, sizeof(oob_inline));
if (ret == -1)
{
ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");
}
}
// 当文件描述fd上有带外数据的时候,将产生SIGURG信号,
// 该函数设定当前进程能够接收fd文件描述符所产生的SIGURG信号
void activate_sigurg(int fd)
{
int ret;
ret = fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid());
if (ret == -1)
{
ERR_EXIT("fcntl");
}
}