转自:http://blog.csdn.net/whatday/article/details/38093091
Http访问有两种方式,GET和POST,就编程来说GET方式相对简单点,它不用向服务器提交数据,在这个例程中我使用POST方式,提交数据value1与value2,并从服务器得到他们的和(value1 + value2)。
为实现Http访问,微软提供了二套API:WinINet, WinHTTP。WinHTTP比WinINet更加安全和健壮,可以这么认为WinHTTP是WinINet的升级版本。这两套API包含了很多相似的函数与宏定义,呵呵,详细对比请查阅msdn中的文章“Porting WinINet Applications to WinHTTP”,在线MSDN连接:http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384068.aspx。在这个例程中,通过一个宏的设置来决定是使用WinHttp还是WinINet。代码如下:
#define USE_WINHTTP //Comment this line to user wininet.
下面来说说实现Http访问的流程(两套API都一样的流程):
1, 首先我们打开一个Session获得一个HINTERNET session句柄;
2, 然后我们使用这个session句柄与服务器连接得到一个HINTERNET connect句柄;
3, 然后我们使用这个connect句柄来打开Http 请求得到一个HINTERNET request句柄;
4, 这时我们就可以使用这个request句柄来发送数据与读取从服务器返回的数据;
5, 最后依次关闭request,connect,session句柄。
在这个例程中以上各个流程都进行了简单封装,以便对比两套API函数的些许差异。下面让源代码说话,原工程是一个windows控制台工程,你可以很容易通过拷贝代码重建工程。
另:如果你从服务器得到的返回数据是utf8格式的文本数据,你将需要对返回的数据进行转换才能正确显示中文,日文等。仅供参考,转换为ATL CStringW的函数见下:
CStringW GetStringWFromUtf8(
const
std::string
&
str)
{
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int(str.length()), 0, 0);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
CStringW buf;
WCHAR* dd = buf.GetBuffer(len);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int(str.length()), dd, len);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
buf.ReleaseBuffer(len);
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
return buf;
}
完整代码如下:
1
//
HttpPost.cpp written by l_zhaohui@163.com
2
//
2007/11/30
3
#include
"
stdafx.h
"
4
#include
<
windows.h
>
5
#include
<
stdio.h
>
6
#include
<
stdlib.h
>
7
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
8
#define _ATL_CSTRING_EXPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS
9
#include
<
atlbase.h
>
10
#include
<
atlstr.h
>
11
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
12
#define USE_WINHTTP
//
Comment this line to user wininet.
13
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
14
#include
<
winhttp.h
>
15
#pragma comment(lib,
"
winhttp.lib
"
)
16
#
else
17
#include
<
wininet.h
>
18
#pragma comment(lib,
"
wininet.lib
"
)
19
#endif
20
#define BUF_SIZE (
1024
)
21
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
22
//
CrackedUrl
23
class
CrackedUrl
{
24
int m_scheme;
25
CStringW m_host;
26
int m_port;
27
CStringW m_path;
28
public:
29
CrackedUrl(LPCWSTR url)
30
{
31
URL_COMPONENTS uc = { 0};
32
uc.dwStructSize = sizeof(uc);
33![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
34
const DWORD BUF_LEN = 256;
35![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
36
WCHAR host[BUF_LEN];
37
uc.lpszHostName = host;
38
uc.dwHostNameLength = BUF_LEN;
39![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
40
WCHAR path[BUF_LEN];
41
uc.lpszUrlPath = path;
42
uc.dwUrlPathLength = BUF_LEN;
43![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
44
WCHAR extra[BUF_LEN];
45
uc.lpszExtraInfo = extra;
46
uc.dwExtraInfoLength = BUF_LEN;
47![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
48
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
49
if (!WinHttpCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
50
printf("Error:WinHttpCrackUrl failed!\n");
51
}
52![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
53
#else
54
if (!InternetCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {
55
printf("Error:InternetCrackUrl failed!\n");
56
}
57
#endif
58
m_scheme = uc.nScheme;
59
m_host = host;
60
m_port = uc.nPort;
61
m_path = path;
62
}
63![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
64
int GetScheme() const
65
{
66
return m_scheme;
67
}
68![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
69
LPCWSTR GetHostName() const
70
{
71
return m_host;
72
}
73![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
74
int GetPort() const
75
{
76
return m_port;
77
}
78![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
79
LPCWSTR GetPath() const
80
{
81
return m_path;
82
}
83![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
84
static CStringA UrlEncode(const char* p)
85
{
86
if (p == 0) {
87
return CStringA();
88
}
89![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
90
CStringA buf;
91![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
92
for (;;) {
93
int ch = (BYTE) (*(p++));
94
if (ch == '\0') {
95
break;
96
}
97![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
98
if (isalnum(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '-' || ch == '.') {
99
buf += (char)ch;
100
}
101
else if (ch == ' ') {
102
buf += '+';
103
}
104
else {
105
char c[16];
106
wsprintfA(c, "%%%02X", ch);
107
buf += c;
108
}
109
}
110![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
111
return buf;
112
}
113
}
;
114
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
115
//
CrackedUrl
116
HINTERNET OpenSession(LPCWSTR userAgent
=
0
)
117
{
118
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
119
return WinHttpOpen(userAgent, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);;
120
#else
121
return InternetOpen(userAgent, INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0);
122
#endif
123
}
124
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
125
HINTERNET Connect(HINTERNET hSession, LPCWSTR serverAddr,
int
portNo)
126
{
127
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
128
return WinHttpConnect(hSession, serverAddr, (INTERNET_PORT) portNo, 0);
129
#else
130
return InternetConnect(hSession, serverAddr, portNo, NULL, NULL, INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0);
131
#endif
132
}
133
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
134
HINTERNET OpenRequest(HINTERNET hConnect, LPCWSTR verb, LPCWSTR objectName,
int
scheme)
135
{
136
DWORD flags = 0;
137
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
138
if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
139
flags |= WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE;
140
}
141![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
142
return WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);
143![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
144
#else
145
if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
146
flags |= INTERNET_FLAG_SECURE;
147
}
148![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
149
return HttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags, 0);
150
#endif
151
}
152
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
153
BOOL AddRequestHeaders(HINTERNET hRequest, LPCWSTR header)
154
{
155
SIZE_T len = lstrlenW(header);
156
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
157
return WinHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
158
#else
159
return HttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
160
#endif
161
}
162
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
163
BOOL SendRequest(HINTERNET hRequest,
const
void
*
body, DWORD size)
164
{
165
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
166
return WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size, size, 0);
167
#else
168
return HttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size);
169
#endif
170
}
171
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
172
BOOL EndRequest(HINTERNET hRequest)
173
{
174
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
175
return WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, 0);
176
#else
177
// if you use HttpSendRequestEx to send request then use HttpEndRequest in here!
178
return TRUE;
179
#endif
180
}
181
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
182
BOOL QueryInfo(HINTERNET hRequest,
int
queryId,
char
*
szBuf, DWORD
*
pdwSize)
183
{
184
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
185
return WinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest, (DWORD) queryId, 0, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);
186
#else
187
return HttpQueryInfo(hRequest, queryId, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);
188
#endif
189
}
190
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
191
BOOL ReadData(HINTERNET hRequest,
void
*
buffer, DWORD length, DWORD
*
cbRead)
192
{
193
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
194
return WinHttpReadData(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);
195
#else
196
return InternetReadFile(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);
197
#endif
198
}
199
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
200
void
CloseInternetHandle(HINTERNET hInternet)
201
{
202
if (hInternet)
203
{
204
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
205
WinHttpCloseHandle(hInternet);
206
#else
207
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);
208
#endif
209
}
210
}
211
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cbef093dcc044b2793832001e2365e43.gif)
212
int
_tmain(
int
argc, _TCHAR
*
argv[])
213
{
214
HINTERNET hSession = 0;
215
HINTERNET hConnect = 0;
216
HINTERNET hRequest = 0;
217
CStringW strHeader(L"Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");
218![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
219
// Test data
220
CrackedUrl crackedUrl(L"http://www.easy-creator.net/test2/add.asp");
221
CStringA strPostData("value1=10&value2=14");
222![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
223
// Open session.
224
hSession = OpenSession(L"HttpPost by l_zhaohui@163.com");
225
if (hSession == NULL) {
226
printf("Error:Open session!\n");
227
return -1;
228
}
229![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
230
// Connect.
231
hConnect = Connect(hSession, crackedUrl.GetHostName(), crackedUrl.GetPort());
232
if (hConnect == NULL) {
233
printf("Error:Connect failed!\n");
234
return -1;
235
}
236![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
237
// Open request.
238
hRequest = OpenRequest(hConnect, L"POST", crackedUrl.GetPath(), crackedUrl.GetScheme());
239
if (hRequest == NULL) {
240
printf("Error:OpenRequest failed!\n");
241
return -1;
242
}
243![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
244
// Add request header.
245
if (!AddRequestHeaders(hRequest, strHeader)) {
246
printf("Error:AddRequestHeaders failed!\n");
247
return -1;
248
}
249![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
250
// Send post data.
251
if (!SendRequest(hRequest, (const char*)strPostData, strPostData.GetLength())) {
252
printf("Error:SendRequest failed!\n");
253
return -1;
254
}
255![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
256
// End request
257
if (!EndRequest(hRequest)) {
258
printf("Error:EndRequest failed!\n");
259
return -1;
260
}
261![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
262
char szBuf[BUF_SIZE];
263
DWORD dwSize = 0;
264
szBuf[0] = 0;
265![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
266
// Query header info.
267
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP
268
int contextLengthId = WINHTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
269
int statusCodeId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
270
int statusTextId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
271
#else
272
int contextLengthId = HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;
273
int statusCodeId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;
274
int statusTextId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;
275
#endif
276
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
277
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, contextLengthId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
278
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
279
printf("Content length:[%s]\n", szBuf);
280
}
281![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
282
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
283
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusCodeId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
284
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
285
printf("Status code:[%s]\n", szBuf);
286
}
287![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
288
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
289
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusTextId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {
290
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
291
printf("Status text:[%s]\n", szBuf);
292
}
293![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
294
// read data.
295
for (;;) {
296
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;
297
if (ReadData(hRequest, szBuf, dwSize, &dwSize) == FALSE) {
298
break;
299
}
300![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
301
if (dwSize <= 0) {
302
break;
303
}
304![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
305
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;
306
printf("%s\n", szBuf); //Output value = value1 + value2
307
}
308![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
309
CloseInternetHandle(hRequest);
310
CloseInternetHandle(hConnect);
311
CloseInternetHandle(hSession);
312![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/df37983f39daa189b8c814e01a6a9011.gif)
313
return 0;
314
}
315
=========================================================================================
wininet api函数使用经验点滴
一.使用HttpSendRequestEx后,如需使用HttpQueryInfo,需先用HttpEndRequest结束Request
二.BOOL HttpQueryInfo(
IN HINTERNET hHttpRequest,
IN DWORD dwInfoLevel,
IN LPVOID lpvBuffer,
IN LPDWORD lpdwBufferLength,
IN OUT LPDWORD lpdwIndex,
);
lpdwBufferLength会返回所需的Buffer大小,因此如果多次使用此函数,需要多次对lpdwBufferLength赋值,否则会出现ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER错误
示例程序:
- hHttpFile=HttpOpenRequest(hConnect,"POST","/avlab/index.php",NULL,NULL,0,
- INTERNET_FLAG_DONT_CACHE|INTERNET_FLAG_NO_COOKIES|INTERNET_FLAG_KEEP_CONNECTION
- |INTERNET_FLAG_RELOAD,0);
- HttpAddRequestHeaders(hHttpFile,szCookie,-1,HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
- HttpAddRequestHeaders(hHttpFile,"Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded",-1,HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);
- HttpSendRequestEx(hHttpFile,&struInterIn,NULL,NULL,NULL);
- HttpEndRequest(hHttpFile,NULL,NULL,NULL);
-
- nLength=512;
- HttpQueryInfo(hHttpFile,HTTP_QUERY_SET_COOKIE,szBuffer,(unsigned long *)&nLength,NULL);
三.使用InternetReadFile一定要记得比较已经读取的字节数,以确定数据是否已经全部读完
如果InternetReadFile未把response的数据读完,后续的request会被response数据淹没,而得不到服务端的及时响应或者无响应.这时候再HttpSendRequest,后续的HttpQueryInfo会不成功
四.字符串操作时,一定要检查返回值,以防后续代码进行非法操作
五.
如果向网页提交带参数的get或者post命令,网站需要处理时间,其返回网址的内容可能还没有更新过,如果需要获取更新后的内容,需要对更新前后的内容进行比较
六.
HttpSendRequest或者HttpSendRequestEx发送消息后如果未接受到response,则会返回NULL,Error Code被设为12002,即超时错误,可以使用 InternetSetOption(hHttpFile,INTERNET_OPTION_SEND_TIMEOUT,&timeout,sizeof(DWORD)); 设置超时时间
七.
不能太依赖服务器提供的文件大小,因为有的时候服务器并不提供文件大小,此时如果再使用HttpQueryInfo获取大小,则会出错,GetLastError()返回值为12150