2021-02-06

JAVA 网络通信（一）

1. UDPSocket 套接字的使用

发送者不绑定端口的时候，默认是随机端口。发送消息你要指定你要发送的人！

创建发送者类

1. 创建 DatagramSocket 实例对象
2. 调用 DatagramSocket.send() 发送消息
   2.1 将字符串对象（消息）转换为 byte 数组对象
   2.2 获取 byte 数组对象 长度
   2.3 获取接收者的 InetAddress 对象
   2.4 获取接收者的端口 PORT
3. 调用 DatagramSocket.close() 释放资源

package com.raoLong.heima.learnSocket.UDP;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * Author:   RaoQingLong
 * Date:     2021/2/6 22:05
 * Description: 发送端
 */

public class Sender {
    DatagramSocket senderSocket;

    public Sender() throws Exception {
        this.senderSocket = new DatagramSocket();
    }

    // 发送消息
    public void sendMessage(String msg, String receiverIP, int receiverPort) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytesData = msg.getBytes();
        int dataLength = bytesData.length;
        InetAddress receiverAddress = InetAddress.getByName(receiverIP);
        System.out.println("开始发送消息");
        this.senderSocket.send(
                new DatagramPacket(
                        bytesData,
                        dataLength,
                        receiverAddress,
                        receiverPort
                )
        );
        System.out.println("消息发送结束");
    }

    // 释放资源
    public void close() {
        this.senderSocket.close();
    }
}

创建接收者类

1. 创建 DatagramSocket 实例对象
2. 创建 DatagramPacket 实例对象
   2.1 创建 byte 数组容器用于接受消息
   2.2 获取容器长度
3. 调用 DatagramSocket.receive() 接受消息
4. 接收到消息后解除阻塞状态，通过 DatagramPacket 实例对象获取数据
   4.1 调用 DatagramPacket.getAddress() 获取发送者的主机信息
   4.2 调用 DatagramPacket.getData() 获取消息的 byte 信息

package com.raoLong.heima.learnSocket.UDP;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * Author:   RaoQingLong
 * Date:     2021/2/6 22:15
 * Description: 接受者
 */

public class Receiver {
    DatagramSocket receiverSocket;
    final int PORT = 9090;

    public Receiver() throws Exception {
        this.receiverSocket = new DatagramSocket(this.PORT);
    }

    // 接受消息
    public void receiveMessage() throws Exception {
        byte[] messageContainer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket messagePackage = new DatagramPacket(messageContainer, messageContainer.length);
        this.receiverSocket.receive(messagePackage);
        // 获取消息发送者的主机对象
        InetAddress senderAddress = messagePackage.getAddress();
        // 获取数据
        byte[] byteMessage = messagePackage.getData();
        // 数组对象转换为字符串对象
        String message = new String(byteMessage);
        //输出打印消息
        System.out.println(message);
    }
}

调用接收者

package com.raoLong.heima.learnSocket.UDP;

/**
 * Author:   RaoQingLong
 * Date:     2021/2/6 22:29
 * Description: 接受者
 */

public class Receive {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Receiver receiver = new Receiver();
        receiver.receiveMessage();
    }
}

调用发送者

package com.raoLong.heima.learnSocket.UDP;

/**
 * Author:   RaoQingLong
 * Date:     2021/2/6 22:28
 * Description: 接受执行类
 */

public class Send {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Sender sender = new Sender();
        sender.sendMessage(
                "hello receiver!",
                "192.168.56.1",
                9090
        );
    }
}