mysql8.0单机多实例主从搭建
1.单机配置mysql8.0
配置文档:mysql8单机多实例安装教程
2.配置单机多实例主库与从库的my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0
lower_case_table_names=1
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqladmin
log=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/mysqld_multi.log
# 3306 数据库实例
[mysqld3306]
port=3306
server_id=1
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3306/data
socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock
log-error=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3306/log/error.log
pid-file=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3306/mysql3306.pid
## skip-grant-tables #用于跳过密码登录
character_set_server=utf8mb4
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
# 主从复制之主库配置
## 启动MySQ二进制日志系统
log-bin=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3306/mysql-bin
## 选择row模式
binlog-format=ROW
## 需要同步的数据库名,如果有多个数据库,可重复此参数,每个数据库一行
binlog-do-db=gupao
## 不同步mysql系统数据库
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
# 3307 数据库实例
[mysqld3307]
port=3307
server_id=2
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3307/data
socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock
log-error=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3307/log/error.log
pid-file=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3307/mysql3307.pid
# lc_messages_dir=/usr/local/mysql/share/english
## 默认最大连接数设置
# max_connections=300
character_set_server=utf8mb4
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
# 3308 数据库实例
[mysqld3308]
port=3308
server_id=3
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3308/data
socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock
log-error=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3308/log/error.log
pid-file=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3308/mysql3308.pid
# lc_messages_dir=/usr/local/mysql/share/english
character_set_server=utf8mb4
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
# 3309 主从复制之从数据库
[mysqld3309]
port=3309
server_id=4
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/data
socket=/tmp/mysql_3309.sock
log-error=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/log/error.log
pid-file=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/mysql3309.pid
# lc_messages_dir=/usr/local/mysql/share/english
character_set_server=utf8mb4
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
lower_case_table_names=1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
## 从库配置
log-bin=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/mysql-bin
## 选择row模式
binlog-format=ROW
## 需要同步的数据库名,如果有多个数据库,可重复此参数,每个数据库一行
replicate-do-db=gupao
## 不同步mysql系统数据库
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
3.初始化从库
# 1.创建从库所需目录和文件并赋权
mkdir /usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/{data,log}
touch /usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/log/error.log
## 赋权
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/app/mysql
# 2.初始化数据库
/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --datadir=/usr/app/mysql/mysql-8.0/3309/data/ --initialize
## 登录并启动mysql
mysqld_multi --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf start 3309
## 服务器登录输入密码(密码为初始化数据时的临时密码)
mysql -uroot -p -S /tmp/mysql_3309.sock
## 3.修改本地和远程访问密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Mysql@123';
use mysql;
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Mysql@123';
flush privileges;
# 连接主库配置从库账号访问权限
## 1.主库设置
CREATE USER 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
ALTER USER 'repl'@'%' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
## 2.从库设置
stop slave;
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.235.120',MASTER_USER='repl',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=156;
start slave;
## 3.查看同步状态(mysql服务器连接时使用)
SHOW SLAVE STATUS \G
注意:同步状态信息重点内容:Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave SQL Running 都为 yes 表示主从设置成功。
4.查看主从复制binlog相关
-- 查看主mysql服务 binlog属性
-- 查看mysql log_bin
show variables like 'log_bin%';
-- 查看 binlog 格式
show global variables like '%binlog_format%';
-- 查看 binlog 列表
show binary logs;
-- 单个binlog文件最大字节数
show variables like 'max_binlog_size';
-- 查看binlog文件内容
show binlog events in 'mysql-bin.000001';
5.测试
-- 创建测试数据库和相应的表结构(例如本次主从同步数据库为:gupao)
-- 建表(主库和从库都要创建)
CREATE TABLE `dict` (
`id` int DEFAULT NULL,
`param_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
`param_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- 在主库中插入测试数据(主库执行)
INSERT INTO `dict`(`id`, `param_code`, `param_name`) VALUES (330, '330', '330');
INSERT INTO `dict`(`id`, `param_code`, `param_name`) VALUES (331, '331', '331');
测验结果:连接从库执行查询时,可以看到插入的数据表示成功。
其他事项1:主库插入完毕数据后,发现从库中没有数据,此时需要检查从库中的数据库和同步的表是否创建成功,再检查同步状态(从库无对应表会导致同步服务关闭,SHOW SLAVE STATUS;
(外部MySQL可视化工具执行)查看时,Slave_IO_Running:Yes,Slave_SQL_Running:NO),之后就是启动同步服务:start slave;
其他事项2:防火墙端口开放
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3309/tcp --permanent
## 使配置生效
firewall-cmd --reload
## 查看开放端口列表
firewall-cmd --list-port
以上就是mysql8单机多实例主从同步采坑记录。