什么是对象:对象无非就是一组实例变量外加一个指向其类的引用。对象的方法并不存在与对象本身,而是存在与对象的类中。在类中,这些方法被称为类的实例方法
什么是类 : 类无非是一个对象(class 的实例)外加一组实例方法和一个指向其超类的引用。Class类是Module类的子类,因此一个类也是一个模块
跟任何其他对象一样,类有自己的方法如new(),这些是Class的实例方法,跟其他类一样,需要引用才能用访问
1.Array.each_with_index
- beikong-eshare(demo): irb
- 2.0.0p247 :001 > a=['1','a','b','c']
- => ["1", "a", "b", "c"]
- 2.0.0p247 :002 > a.each_with_index do |e,i|
- 2.0.0p247 :003 > p e
- 2.0.0p247 :004?> p i
- 2.0.0p247 :005?> a[i] = 'java' if e == 'b'
- 2.0.0p247 :006?> end
- "1"
- 0
- "a"
- 1
- "b"
- 2
- "c"
- 3
- => ["1", "a", "java", "c"]
2.obj.instance_variables
- 2.0.0p247 :009 > class MyClass
- 2.0.0p247 :010?> def my_method
- 2.0.0p247 :011?> @v = 1
- 2.0.0p247 :012?> end
- 2.0.0p247 :013?> end
- 2.0.0p247 :017 > obj.instance_variables
- => [:@v]
- 2.0.0p247 :018 >
- 2.0.0p247 :019 > MyClass.instance_methods
- => [:my_method, :nil?, :===, :=~, :!~, :eql?, :hash, :<=>, :class, :singleton_class, :clone, :dup, :taint, :tainted?, :untaint, :untrust, :untrusted?, :trust, :freeze, :frozen?, :to_s, :inspect, :methods, :singleton_methods, :protected_methods, :private_methods, :public_methods, :instance_variables, :instance_variable_get, :instance_variable_set, :instance_variable_defined?, :remove_instance_variable, :instance_of?, :kind_of?, :is_a?, :tap, :send, :public_send, :respond_to?, :extend, :display, :method, :public_method, :define_singleton_method, :object_id, :to_enum, :enum_for, :==, :equal?, :!, :!=, :instance_eval, :instance_exec, :__send__, :__id__]
- 2.0.0p247 :020 >
3.重访类
- 2.0.0p247 :022 > String.superclass
- => Object
- 2.0.0p247 :023 > Object.superclass
- => BasicObject
- 2.0.0p247 :024 > BasicObject.superclass
- => nil
- 2.0.0p247 :025 >
- 2.0.0p247 :026 > Class.superclass
- => Module
- 2.0.0p247 :027 > Module.superclass
- => Object
- 2.0.0p247 :028 >
4.常量的路径
5.调用一个方法是发生了什么
1.找到这个方法,称为方法查找 (向右一步,再向上)
- 2.0.0p247 :064 > Kernel.private_instance_methods
- => [:initialize_copy, :initialize_dup, :initialize_clone, :sprintf, :format, :Integer, :Float, :String, :Array, :Hash, :warn, :raise, :fail, :global_variables, :__method__, :__callee__, :__dir__, :eval, :local_variables, :iterator?, :block_given?, :catch, :throw, :loop, :respond_to_missing?, :trace_var, :untrace_var, :at_exit, :syscall, :open, :printf, :print, :putc, :puts, :gets, :readline, :select, :readlines, :`, :p, :test, :srand, :rand, :trap, :exec, :fork, :exit!, :system, :spawn, :sleep, :exit, :abort, :load, :require, :require_relative, :autoload, :autoload?, :proc, :lambda, :binding, :caller, :caller_locations, :Rational, :Complex, :set_trace_func, :gem, :gem_original_require]
- 2.0.0p247 :066 > Kernel.private_instance_methods.grep(/^pr/)
- => [:printf, :print, :proc]
- 2.0.0p247 :067 >
2.执行这个方法,Ruby需要一个self
一 如果调用方法的接受者不是你自己,则必须明确指明一个接受者
二 私有方法只能被隐含接受者调用
=> [String, Comparable, Object, Kernel, BasicObject]